Globalization

Globalization is the process of wider interaction and integration of people across the globe

• globalization is distinguished from "globalism"
  • whereas globalization is the process of interactions
  • globalism is an ideology (set of beliefs) regarding worldwide integration
  • globalism seeks global unity or commonality in law, markets, governance, etc.
• Globalization occurs in place, degree and kind
  • place = regional or inter-continental interaction and integration
  • degree = extent of interaction and integration
  • kind = economic, cultural, military

Archaic period globalization

• "archaic" = old, or older, no longer in operation
• technically, the archaic period is all processes of globalization up until the Age of Discovery

Early modern period of globalization

• considered the period of 1600-1800
• however, the Age of Discovery

charters and trade arrangements

• imperial charters for exploration, conquest, and trade
• settlement charters
  • Massachusetts Bay Colony
  • Virginia Company
• trade "companies"
  • Dutch East India Company
  • British East India Company

"factories"

• from the Latin factorium for "place of doers/ makers"
• in trade, "factories" are trade locales
  • usually small islands, forts, or zones near ports
  • especially as created by the Portuguese "feitoria"
• European factories were used for
  • resupply of ships
  • military presence
  • trade entrance to a larger region
• "factor" = a commercial agent who sells goods on behalf of another
  • = middle man
  • the factor takes possession of goods and issues invoices to sellers
  • the factor does not work on behalf of the original seller of goods
    • which would be a commissioned agent
    • who sells goods and collects payments on behalf of someone else
• factories are distinguished from colonies
  • ex. ancient Phoenician colonies were established along trade routes, especially across the Mediterranean Sea
  • while serving for resupply, military presence, and trade
  • these were actual settlements and were governed by the home country
    • some developed into independent countries, such as Carthage (a North African Phoenician colony)

early European factory system: Guilds & the Hanseatic League

• Guild relationships depended on interconnected trade post
• Hanseatic League created protected trade posts across northern Germany and Scandanavia

Venetian trade ports

• Republic of Venice established resupply and trade posts across the Mediterranean, Black Sea and possibly Atlantic ports of Eureope