Participle phrase & infinitive phrase

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Sentence

  • a grammatically complete thought
    • grammatically complete = contains a finite verb (subject-verb)
    • logically complete = does not need more information to complete the thought

Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements[edit | edit source]

Examples of participle phrase placement[edit | edit source]

  • participle = the -ing or -ed forms of a verb
    • participles may serve as finite (take a subject) or non-finite (no subject)
    • finite forms of participles are
      • -ing present participle = present continuous tense
        • It is snowing'; They are playing
      • -ed past participle = simple past tense
        • It snowed'; They played
    • non-finite forms of participles are
      • -ing present participle adjective
        • Snowing all day, the car was buried'; The boys playing around got in trouble
      • -ing "gerund" (present participle noun)
        • Snowing out makes me happy; Playing in the show is fun
      • -ed past participle adjective
        • The snowed in car was stuck'; The team played
  • participle phrase
    • a participle phrase is two or more words that have a non-finite verb (i.e., no subject)
    • (note: if a finite verb is present (subject-verb), it is a clause)
      • participle phrases add information to another word or clause
      • ex.>:
        • present participle phrase: Playing hard, they lost anyway
        • past participle phrase: Played poorly, they lost the game

Participle phrase example 1[edit | edit source]

  • Sentence:

Students read the textbook studying for the test

  • Grammatical forms:
  • Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 2[edit | edit source]

  • Sentence:

Studying for the test, students read the textbook

  • Grammatical forms:
  • Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 3[edit | edit source]

  • Sentence:

Students studying for the test read the textbook

  • Grammatical forms:
  • Parts of speech:


 C-->NFV(Non-Finite Verb)-->C2(Complement)-->S2(Subject)-->V2(Finite Verb)-->C3(Complement)




Subject Verb Complements
Sentence Student reads a textbook
Phrase Reading a textbook

Finite verb is a verb that has a subject

  • if the verb has no subject, then it is "non-finite"
  • non-finite verbs act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
    • while they do not have a subject
      • they may have complements
        • adverbs
        • objects
        • prepositional phrases