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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

adding particle as part of speech
(adding particle as part of speech)
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* [[Category:Grammar]]
* [[Category:Grammar]]
* [[Category:Parts of speech]]
* [[Category:Parts of speech]]


* Note on abbreviations
* Note on abbreviations
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*** plural nouns that can NOT be counted use the determiner "much"
*** plural nouns that can NOT be counted use the determiner "much"
**** as in "much water" << one cannot count "water", although "much" indicates a large amount of water
**** as in "much water" << one cannot count "water", although "much" indicates a large amount of water
== particle ==
* a word that does not fit a specific Part of Speech
* and that does not change with inflection (word endings for case, gender, number)
* sometimes called a "function word"
** because it doesn't have a specific meaning unto itself
=== adverbial particles ===
* typically, particles are prepositions that do not accompany a noun
** instead, they follow a verb to indicate a direction, topic, or other prepositional purpose for the verb
** particles: ''away, down, in, off, up'', etc. as in:
*** "get away, wake up, knock out, look up, sit down''
*** these examples are, together, ''phrasal verbs''
** particle + preposition
*** particles frequently are followed by a prepositional phrase, in which the particle (a preposition) is next to a preposition
**** ''keep up with the pack, put up with her stubbornness, look forward to leaving''
* see
** https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/particle-grammar/
=== discourse particle ===
* a word that acts as a verbal marker that doesn't have specific meaning
** tends to be informal, or oral and not written
** ''Now, my friend, let us talk''
** ''Well, now, what are we to do about this?''
=== infinitive particle ===
* "to" is a preposition as well as an "infinitive marker"
* i.e., it creates the infinitive form of a verb, ''to be, to love, to talk''
** it's more common to simply describe this combination of particle + verb as an "infinitive"
=== negative particle ===
* not = indicates the opposite or negation
** "I will '''not''' get up today"
*** note that both "no" and "up" are particles


== Preposition ==
== Preposition ==
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==== modal verbs ====
==== modal verbs ====
>>  Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog
>>  Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog
== particle ==
* a word that does not fit a specific Part of Speech
* and that does not change with inflection (word endings for case, gender, number)
* sometimes called a "function word"
** because it doesn't have a specific meaning unto itself
=== adverbial particles ===
* typically, particles are prepositions that do not accompany a noun
** instead, they follow a verb to indicate a direction, topic, or other prepositional purpose for the verb
** particles: ''away, down, in, off, up'', etc. as in:
*** "get away, wake up, knock out, look up, sit down''
*** these examples are, together, ''phrasal verbs''
** particle + preposition
*** particles frequently are followed by a prepositional phrase, in which the particle (a preposition) is next to a preposition
**** ''keep up with the pack, put up with her stubbornness, look forward to leaving''
* see
** https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/particle-grammar/
=== discourse particle ===
* a word that acts as a verbal marker that doesn't have specific meaning
** tends to be informal, or oral and not written
** ''Now, my friend, let us talk''
** ''Well, now, what are we to do about this?''
=== infinitive particle ===
* "to" is a preposition as well as an "infinitive marker"
* i.e., it creates the infinitive form of a verb, ''to be, to love, to talk''
** it's more common to simply describe this combination of particle + verb as an "infinitive"
=== negative particle ===
* not = indicates the opposite or negation
** "I will '''not''' get up today"
*** note that both "no" and "up" are particles