Columbian Exchange

• the exchange, or transfer, or plants, animals and disease to and from the Americas and the rest of the world following the discovery of the Americans by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

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Plants

• the most important exchange was:

• deepest impacts include:

=== from the Americas

• maize (corn)

Animals

• the most important exchange was:
  • introduction of farm animals to the Americas

• deepest impacts include:

Disease

• the most important exchange was:

• deepest impacts include:

Technologies

• the most important exchanges were:
  • iron
  • gunpowder
  • horses
• deepest impacts include:
  • increase in deadliness of Native American tribal warfare
  • mass killing of North American buffalo herds via horse and firearms use
  • North American Native American armed resistance to European encroachment

from the Americas

• rubber
  • rubber is a natural latex (a milky-substance, like sap, that is derived from certain tropical trees)
    • most modern rubber is derived from the Rubber Tree, a native plant of the Amazon (the Rubber Tree can grow to 140 feet)
• see
  • Heva Brasiliensis (wiki) for the story of this important plant
  • https://www.oringsusa.com/Rubber_Intro.pdf Brief History of Rubber (originsusa.com)]
  • earliest documented use of natural latex (rubber) was by the Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica (central America)
    • the Olmec and, later, Maya and Aztec, used rubber for balls for sports
  • the Aztec added rubber to cloth to make it waterproof
• canoes
  • from the Tiaino word <<
• farming techniques

to the Americas

• horses
• iron
• alcohol

Language

• the most important exchange was:
• deepest impacts include:

Other cultural, political and religious exchange

• the most important exchange was:
• deepest impacts include: