Participle phrase & infinitive phrase: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:59, 11 June 2024

Sentence

a grammatically complete thought
- grammatically complete = contains a finite verb (subject-verb)
- logically complete = does not need more information to complete the thought

Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements[edit | edit source]

Examples of participle phrase placement[edit | edit source]

participle = the -ing or -ed forms of a verb
- participles may serve as finite (take a subject) or non-finite (no subject)
- finite forms of participles are
  - -ing present participle = present continuous tense
    - It is snowing'; They are playing
  - -ed past participle = simple past tense
    - It snowed'; They played
- non-finite forms of participles are
  - -ing present participle adjective
    - Snowing all day, the car was buried'; The boys playing around got in trouble
  - -ing "gerund" (present participle noun)
    - Snowing out makes me happy; Playing in the show is fun
  - -ed past participle adjective
    - The snowed in car was stuck'; The team played
participle phrase
- a participle phrase is two or more words that have a non-finite verb (i.e., no subject)
- (note: if a finite verb is present (subject-verb), it is a clause)
  - participle phrases add information to another word or clause
  - ex.>:
    - present participle phrase: Playing hard, they lost anyway
    - past participle phrase: Played poorly, they lost the game

Participle phrase example 1[edit | edit source]

Sentence:

Students read the textbook studying for the test

Grammatical forms:

Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 2[edit | edit source]

Sentence:

Studying for the test, students read the textbook

Grammatical forms:

Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 3[edit | edit source]

Sentence:

Students studying for the test read the textbook

Grammatical forms:

Parts of speech:

 C-->NFV(Non-Finite Verb)-->C2(Complement)-->S2(Subject)-->V2(Finite Verb)-->C3(Complement)


	Subject	Verb	Complements
Sentence	Student	reads	a textbook
Phrase		Reading	a textbook

Finite verb is a verb that has a subject

if the verb has no subject, then it is "non-finite"
non-finite verbs act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
- while they do not have a subject
  - they may have complements
    - adverbs
    - objects
    - prepositional phrases

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements==
-{{#mermaid: graph LR
-  S(Students)-->R( )
-}}
+=== Examples of participle phrase placement ===
+* participle = the ''-ing'' or ''-ed'' forms of a verb
+** participles may serve as finite (take a subject) or non-finite (no subject)
+** '''finite''' forms of participles are
+*** ''-ing'' present participle = present continuous tense
+**** ''It is snowing'''; ''They are playing''
+*** ''-ed'' past participle = simple past tense
+**** ''It snowed'''; ''They played''
+** '''non-finite''' forms of participles are
+*** ''-ing'' present participle adjective
+**** ''Snowing all day, the car was buried'''; ''The boys playing around got in trouble''
+*** ''-ing'' "gerund" (present participle noun)
+**** ''Snowing out makes me happy''; ''Playing in the show is fun''
+*** ''-ed'' past participle adjective
+**** ''The snowed in car was stuck'''; ''The team played ''
+* '''participle phrase'''
+** a participle phrase is two or more words that have a non-finite verb (i.e., no subject)
+** (note: if a finite verb is present (subject-verb), it is a clause)
+*** participle phrases add information to another word or clause
+*** ex.>:
+**** present participle phrase: ''Playing hard, they lost anyway''
+**** past participle phrase: ''Played poorly, they lost the game''
-=== Example 1 ===
+==== Participle phrase example 1 ====
 * Sentence:
 ''Students read the textbook studying for the test''
@@ Line 26: / Line 45: @@
 * Parts of speech:
 {{#mermaid: graph LR
-   S( noun )-->V(verb)--->C(noun)--->NFV(adjective<br>participle)-->C2(prepositional phrase)
+   S( noun )-->V(verb)--->C(noun)--->NFV(participle<br>adjective)-->C2(prepositional phrase)
 }}
-=== Example 2 ===
+==== Participle phrase example 2 ====
 * Sentence:
 ''Studying for the test, students read the textbook''
@@ Line 43: / Line 62: @@
 * Parts of speech:
 {{#mermaid: graph LR
-   NFV(adjective<br>participle)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->S(noun)-->V(finite verb)--->C(noun)
+   NFV(participle<br>adjective)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->S(noun)-->V(finite verb)--->C(noun)
 }}
-=== Example 3 ===
+==== Participle phrase example 3 ====
 * Sentence:
 ''Students studying for the test read the textbook''
@@ Line 55: / Line 74: @@
 * Grammatical forms:
 {{#mermaid: graph LR
-    S(Subject)-->NFV(Non-Finite Verb)-->C2(Complement)-->V(Finite Verb)-->C(Complement)
+    S(subject)-->NFV(non-finite verb)-->C2(complement)-->V(finite verb)-->C(complement)
 }}
 * Parts of speech:
 {{#mermaid: graph LR
-   S( noun )-->NFV(non-finite verb)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->V(finite verb)--->C(object)
+   S( noun )-->NFV(participle<br>adjective)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->V(verb)--->C(object)
 }}