AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
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== General terms to know for US History == | == General terms to know for US History == | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:abolitionism|the movement to end slavery; abolition, | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:abolitionism|the movement to end slavery; abolition, abolitionist; see also emancipation}}</ul> | ||
abolitionist; see also emancipation}}</ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:aristocratic|of high social status, usually conferred by birth; note "titles of nobility" are banned by US Constitution}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:aristocratic|of high social status, usually conferred by birth; note "titles of nobility" are banned by US Constitution}}<li>authority</ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:authority|the source and/or exercise of power; as a source of power, authority indicates the legitimacy of its exercise ("by what authority?"); as the exercise of power, authority is its methods (how power is used), person (who or what exercises the power) and its extents and limits}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:blue collar v. white collar| blue collar = workers, in reference to the blue "coveralls" laborers may wear (originally clothing made of denim or coarse fabric); white = refernence to the collars of a white dress shirt}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:blue collar v. white collar| blue collar = workers, in reference to the blue "coveralls" laborers may wear (originally clothing made of denim or coarse fabric); white = refernence to the collars of a white dress shirt}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:cession|leaving the Union or a state }}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:cession|leaving the Union or a state }}</ul></li> | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:''de facto'' v. ''de jure''|"in fact" v. "in law"; ''de facto'' means something that exists in practice; whereas ''de jure'' means a practice according to law; examples of ''de facto'' v. ''de jure'' conditions include continued discrimination after bans on legal racial segregation, continued use of alcohol despite its legal ban under the 19th amendment, etc.}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:''de facto'' v. ''de jure''|"in fact" v. "in law"; ''de facto'' means something that exists in practice; whereas ''de jure'' means a practice according to law; examples of ''de facto'' v. ''de jure'' conditions include continued discrimination after bans on legal racial segregation, continued use of alcohol despite its legal ban under the 19th amendment, etc.}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:delegate (as noun and verb)|n: a representative to a political body; v. to assign or pass along a task, power, or sovereignty}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:delegate (as noun and verb)|n: a representative to a political body; v. to assign or pass along a task, power, or sovereignty}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:democracy|a form of government decidied by majority vote; a "pure democracy" would make every governmental or collective decision by a simple majority vote; the U.S. form of government has democratic elements constrained by republican structures of divided and limited government, and certain requirements for "super majority" votes (in the US Senate and for Constitutional amendment}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:direct tax|a tax that is applied "directly" to persons as opposed to an activity or material; the income tax is a "direct" tax, which required Constitutional amendment to allow under the law}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:direct tax|a tax that is applied "directly" to persons as opposed to an activity or material; the income tax is a "direct" tax, which required Constitutional amendment to allow under the law}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:disenfranchised|not allowd to vote; can be ''de jure'' (legal voting restrictions) or ''de facto'' (forcible, if illegal, voting restrictions}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:disenfranchised|not allowd to vote; can be ''de jure'' (legal voting restrictions) or ''de facto'' (forcible, if illegal, voting restrictions}}</ul></li> | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:popular sovereignty|1850s political stance that held that territories and states should accept or not accept the practice of slavery based upon a vote of the people (i.e., "popular"; sovereignty = rule}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:popular sovereignty|1850s political stance that held that territories and states should accept or not accept the practice of slavery based upon a vote of the people (i.e., "popular"; sovereignty = rule}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:precedent| the judicial practice of adhereing to prior or "preceding" decisions; decisions that change "precedent" are considered "landmark"}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:precedent| the judicial practice of adhereing to prior or "preceding" decisions; decisions that change "precedent" are considered "landmark"}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:prohibition| >> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:power|power is exercised and/or expressed through 1) authority (source of power); 2) legitimacy (legality or justification for the power; 3) sovereignty (ultimate or "supreme" source of power, its heirarchies (levels) and ability to exercise power; power that has no authority has no legitimacy; power that is legitimate but has no authority is not sovereign, etc.}} </ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Republican motherhood"| the Early Republic belief that the role of a patriotic mother was to raise their sons as good "republicans," i.e. members of a self-governed society (not the political party)>> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:prohibition|movement to ban the sale and consumnption of alchohol; "prohibition" may also be used regarding banning of other items, manufacture, or consumption; the period of "Prohibition" started in 1920 with the 18th Amendment and ended in 1932 with the 21st Amendment; the "temperance" movemement was the activism to achieve prohibition}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:republic|a state (in the sense of a nation) that is governed democratically through representative demoocracy, usually with divided authorities, such as legislative, executive and judicial branches of the government; in the U.S. republican governance also divides power between the federal government and the states; across U.S. history, the republican form of governance has changed in terms of citizen participation, starting with white male elites and/or landowners over the age of 21 (generally), extending to freed male slaves, to women, and by lowering the votiong age to 18; republicanism has also changed with the growth of federal over state powers}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Republican motherhood"| the Early Republic belief that the role of a patriotic mother was to raise their sons as good "republicans," i.e. members of a self-governed society (not the political party)}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:republican principles|"republicanism" is a form of self=government through democratically elected representatives; the "republican principles," therefore, are those ideals exercised to affect republican (representative) self-government; republicanism is also associated with divided and limited government}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:state|a sovereign political unit; in the "United States" the states are independent political entities that have yielded certain powers or sovereignties to the central government; internationally, a "state" is a country or nation (thus the "State Department" as the executive department that represents the country)}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:state|a sovereign political unit; in the "United States" the states are independent political entities that have yielded certain powers or sovereignties to the central government; internationally, a "state" is a country or nation (thus the "State Department" as the executive department that represents the country)}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:states rights| sovereignty and powers of states; generally, the belief that the federal government should not "infringe" }}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:states rights| sovereignty and powers of states; generally, the belief that the federal government should not "infringe" }}</ul></li> | ||
Revision as of 12:57, 16 May 2024
US History and AP US History Running Vocabulary List: Terms, Concepts, Names and Events
Note: see Talk page for to do list and suggestions
For MCQ section, students are to
- identify document source, date, historical context
- contextuals document and not confuse it for wrong period or context in wrong possible answer
- idenify other errors in wrong possible answers
For Free Response questins (FRQ, DBQ), students are to
- demonstrate historical factual knowledge
- provide examples, describe and explain
- write to an uninformed audience
- as in math, "show your work" -- i.e., explain everything
- contextualize through cause and effect
- compare/contrast to other periods
- conceptualize facts into large ideas
US History: BIG IDEAS for American self-conception and historical choices[edit | edit source]
Students may address historican themes, events, and periods using the various notions of self-conception of Americans across history. Note that these concepts change over time. A short list of topics/ core ideas includes:
the American Dream
American exceptionalism
Americanism (and What is it to be an American?)
Civil liberties
Civil Rights
"City on a Hill"
Debate
Dissent
Due process
Duty
e pluribus unam
Equality
Expansionism (including westerd expansion, overseas expansion; also economic)
Foreign non-Intervention / Intervention
Freedom/ Freedoms, esp. movement, protest, religion, speech
Freedom of conscience
Idealism
Intellectual property
Innovation
Issues focus
Justice
Limited government
Patriotism
Personal autonomy
Personal / public safety
Politics
Practicality / Self-interest
Regionalism
Self-reliance
Self-rule/ Self-governance
Technology
War
Implications of a Democracy[edit | edit source]
In 1835, the French aristocrat, Alexis de Tocqueville published the first of two volumes, "Democracy in America". Tocqueville was intrigued by the social, cultural and political implications of a democratic society -- by which he meant, generally,
- absence of social classes or heirarchies among citizens
- members of that dominant social class consider themselves one another's equal
Tocqueville's analysis yields enormous insight into the American character of the 1830s as well as today:
- notion of equality
- individualism
- emphasis on local governance
- civic activity and associations
- spirit of religion
These characteristics of a democracy can be applied to historical analysis on the AP exam and for understanding US History generally.
American Slogans or Famous Utterances[edit | edit source]
A day that will live in infamy
A republic, if you can keep it!
The American way
Equal justice under law
Getting the government you deserve
Give me liberty or give me death!
Go west, young man!
I am a Berliner / Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
In God we trust
Life, liberty and the pursuit of happines
Live free or die
Nothing to fear but fear itself
Of the people, by the people, for the people
Outdoing the Joneses
Remember the Alamo!
Taxation without representation
United we stand, divided we fall
We shall overcome
We the people
Historical textual analysis: approaches and strategies[edit | edit source]
When reviewing an historical document, consider:[edit | edit source]
- date
- author
- publisher
- audience
Review fine print, sources, in cartoons anything written, and apply your PRIOR KNOWLEDGE[edit | edit source]
- what do you know about the period
- what came before it?
- what followed?
- what events, periods, persons may be compared or contrasted to it?
Analytical tools[edit | edit source]
HAPPy or HIPP
| Historical context | (Intended) Audience | Purpose | Point of View | y |
OPVL
| Origin | Perspective | Value | Limitations |
SPRITE
| Social | Political | Religious | Intellectual | Technological | Economics |
General terms to know for US History[edit | edit source]
- abolitionism
- aristocratic
- authority
- blue collar v. white collar
- cession
- chain migration
- class warfare
- ''de facto'' v. ''de jure''
- delegate (as noun and verb)
- democracy
- direct tax
- disenfranchised
- dissent
- domestic
- duties
- Electoral College
- emancipation
- embargo
- equity
- excise tax
- federal
- franchise
- hegemony/hegomonic
- imperialism
- indemnity
- infringe / infringement
- intolerance
- laissez-faire
- landmark court case
- legitimacy
- mercantilism
- nativism
- nullify / nullification
- Old World v. New World
- political
- political expediency
- popular sovereignty
- precedent
- power
- prohibition
- republic
- "Republican motherhood"
- republican principles
- state
- states rights
- segregation
- socialism
- sovereignty
- suffrage
- tariff
- temperance movement
- two-party system
- unalienable
- unintended consequence
- United States
- western expansion
Wars timeline[edit | edit source]
- wars are the effect or cause of change
- knowing wars and their dates and geography provides context and points of comparison
Major Wars[edit | edit source]
- French-Indian War, 1754-1768:
- American Revolution, 1764-1783
- American Revolutionary War, 1775-1781
- War of 1812, 1812-1815
- Mexican-American War, 1846-1848
- Civil War, 1861-1865
- Spanish-American War, 1898
- Philipine Insurgeny, 1899-1902
- World War I (U.S.), 1917-1918
- White Russian War, 1917
- Wolrd War II (U.S.) 1941-1945
- Korean War, 1950-1953
- Vietman War, 1959-1975
- Vietnam, U.S. ground war: 1965-1972
- Gulf War, 1990-1991
- War on Terror, 2001-2021
- Afghanistan War, 2001-2021
- Iraq War, 2003-2011
- Iraqi Insurgency, 2003-2006
Colonial Wars[edit | edit source]
- Anglow-Powhatan Wars (1610-1646)
- Beaver Wars, 1609-1701 (French/Dutch)
- Jamestown Massacre, 1622
- Pequot War (1634-1638)
- King Philip's War, 1675-1678 | Metaomb's War
- King William's War, 1689-1897
- Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713
- Yamasee War, 1715-1717
- Chickasaw Wars, 1721-1763
- Dummer's War, 1722-25
- Pontiac's War, 1763-1766
- Lord Dunmore's War, 1774
American settlers or frontier wars[edit | edit source]
- Bacon's Rebellion 1676
- Regulator Insurrection, 1766-1771
- Whiskey Rebellion, 1791-1794
- Fries's Rebellion, 1799-1800
US Indian Wars[edit | edit source]
- Creek War (Tecumhsah)
- Seminole Wars
- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars
Slave Revolts[edit | edit source]
- New York Slave Revolt of 1712
- Stono Rebellion, 1739
- Nat Turner's Rebellion, 1826
Minor Wars or US Military actions[edit | edit source]
- Quasi-War, 1798-1800
- First Barbary War, 1801-1805
- Second Barbary War, 1815
- Panama Revolution, 1903
- Russian White Revolution, Vladistok, 1918
- Berlin Airlift, 1946 << date?
- Greece, 1948
- Iran, 1950s
- Grenada, 1980s
- Panama, 1990 < confirm
- Syria, 2010-12
- Libya, 2012
Important non-American Wars[edit | edit source]
- Thirty Years War, 1618-1648
- Anglo-Spanish War, 1625-1630
- English Civil War, 1642-1644
- Anglo-Dutch War, 1652-1654
- Anglo-Spanish Wars, 1654-1660, 1665-1667
- Pueblo Revolt, 1680
- French Revolution, 1789-1795
- Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804
- Napoleonic Wars, 1803-1815
- Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
- Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920
- Russian Revolution, 1917
- World War I, 1914-1918
- Japanese Invasion of Manchuria, 1931-32:
- World War II, 1939-1945
- Suez Crisis, 1957 <<confirm
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States
American Revolution flowcharts[edit | edit source]
Origins[edit | edit source]
British & Colonial responses[edit | edit source]
Cyle of Escalation[edit | edit source]
Repeal of Stamp Act to Boston Massacre[edit | edit source]
Repeal Townsend Acts to Boston Tea Party[edit | edit source]
Intolerable Acts to Colonial Organization[edit | edit source]
War[edit | edit source]
Vocabulary, Terms, and Periods[edit | edit source]
Pre-Columbian[edit | edit source]
- Algonquian
- Hopewell tradition
- indigenous
- Iroquois
- Iroquois Confederacy
- Mississippian period/ culture
- Mound Builders
- reciprocal relations
- Woodland Period
Colonial Periods[edit | edit source]
Age of Exploration[edit | edit source]
- caravel
- Henry Hudson
- conquistador
- St. Lawrence River
Spanish colonialism[edit | edit source]
- asiento
- De Las Casas
- encomienda
- Florida (or Spanish Florida)
- hacienda
- Mit'a (Inca)
- New Laws of 1542
- Pueblo Revolt
- repartimiento
- Saint Augustine
- Sepúlveda
- Spanish social heirarchies (terms)
- Treaty of Tordesillas
Dutch and French colonialism[edit | edit source]
- Beaver War
- ''couriers de bois''
- fur trade
- New Amsterdam
- New France
African slave trade[edit | edit source]
- Middle Passage
- Olaudah Equiano
- seasoning camps
- triangle trade
English colonial periods[edit | edit source]
Note:
- Britain held colonial possessions in the Caribbean region, as well as the thirteen colonies
- following smaller wars and the worldwide French-Indian War (Seven Years War), Britain sequentially took France's Canadian possessions as well as its landholdings between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.
- Levels of British control of the colonies rose and fell according to domestic British politics and its international priorities.
- The American Revolution was largely the result of the excercise of direct control of colonial affairs that followed the French-Indian War.
Colonial political, economic and social[edit | edit source]
Types of Colonies[edit | edit source]
- Corporate Charter
- Proprietary Colony
- Royal Colony
Colony Characteristics[edit | edit source]
- Maryland
- Massachussets Bay Colony
- Pennsylvania
- Virginia
British colonial period terms & events[edit | edit source]
- Appalachian Mountains
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- the Great Awakening
- headright system
- House of Burgesses
- indentured servitude
- Jamestown
- John Rolfe
- John Smith
- Joint Stock Compnany
- Jonathan Edwards
- King Philip’s War, 1675-1678
- Lord Baltimore
- "Lost Colony"
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- migration push/ pull factors
- Native American & English relations
- Navigation Acts, 1663, 1673, 1696
- New England town meetings
- Pequot War, 1636-37
- Puritan
- Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713
- salutary neglect
- slave codes
- William Penn
- yoeman
French Indian War[edit | edit source]
Notes:
- 1754-1763
- the immediate cause of the war was the growing presence of English colonials across the Appalachian Mountains and into the Ohio Valley
- the French and their indian allies opposed these settlements
- a site of considerable contention was Fort Duquesne at present-day Pittsburg, as the location was at the confluuence of two major rivers leading into the Ohio River
- sparked by an unsuccessful British and colonial attacks on French forts in Pennsylvania
- in 1753, George Washington 1753 delivered a message to the French at another Fort in Pennsylvania demanding French evacuation from the region
- on July 3, 1754, as a colonel in the Virginia Militia, Washington led an attack upon the French Ford Necessity; he lost and had to surrender
- British regular Army, along with colonial militias (and including Washington), reorganized and attacked another French fort, Fort Duquesne on Sept. 14, 1758, and also lost
- there were 500 French and Indian soldiers
- and 400 British regulars and 350 colonial militia
- the British eventually took Ft. Dusquesne in 1758 (renaming it Ft. Pitt), and the focus of the war moved toward Canada and the St. Lawrence River waterways, particularly the French city Quebec.
French-Indian War terms[edit | edit source]
- Albany Conference, 1754
- Albany Plan
Annus Mirabilis of 1759
- Fort Duquesne
- Proclamation of 1763
- Treaty of Paris of 1783
- William Pitt
American Revolution[edit | edit source]
- ABC Boards
- Admiralty Court
- Boston Massacre
- Boston Tea Party
- Circulatory Letter
- Committees of Correspondence
- Common Sense
- Declaration of Independence
- direct representation
- Enlightenment philosophers
- First Continental Congress
- ''Gaspee'' affair
- John Locke
Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer|by John Dickinson}}
- Lexington/Concord
- Loyalist
- Montesquieu
- natural rights
- Patriot
- Revolutionary flags
- Battle of Saratoga
- social contract theory
- Sons of Liberty
- Stamp Act Congress
- Thomas Paine
- Valley Forge
- virtual representation
- Yorktown
- Continental Congresses
Writs of Assistance|}}
British Laws & Regulations[edit | edit source]
- Coercive Acts
- Intolerable Acts
- Navigation Acts
- Olive Branch Petition
- Quartering Act
- Stamp Act
- Sugar Act
- Townsend Acts
Early Republic[edit | edit source]
Articles of Confederation Period[edit | edit source]
- Articles of Confederation
- Shay’s Rebellion
- confederation
- sovereignty
- supermajority
- unicameral
U.S. Constitution[edit | edit source]
- 3/5ths Compromise
- amendment process
- anti-Federalists
- bicameral
- Bill of Rights
- checks and balances
- Connecticut Compromise
- Constitution
- elastic clause
- electoral college
- Federalists
- Federalism
- Federalist no. 10
- Federalist no. 51
- Federalist Papers
- Federalists
- George Washington
- Great Compromise
- impeachment
- James Madison
- New Jersey Plan
- Northwest Ordinance
- preamble
- preamble to the Constitution
- ratification
- separation of powers
- strict vs. loose interpretation
- unwritten Constitution
- Virginia Plan
Early Republic[edit | edit source]
- 12th Amendment
- American System
- Alien & Sedition Acts
- British-French conflict & Napoleonic Wars
- Cabinet
- CItizen Genet affair
- Compromise of 1820
- Democratic-Republicans
- Era of Good Feelings
- Federalists
- George Washington
- Alexander Hamilton
- impressment
- internal improvements
- Jay's Treaty
- Jeffersonians/ Jeffersonianism
- judicial review
- Louisiana Purchase
- Marbury v. Madison (1804)
- John Marshall
- McColluch v. Maryland (1819)
- Monroe Doctrine
- Mossouri Compromise
- National Bank
- Northwest Territory
- nullification
- political parties
- Republican motherhood
- republicanism
Revolution of 1800:
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
- War of 1812
- Whigs
- Whiskey Rebellion
Antebellum period[edit | edit source]
- cotton gin
- land speculation
Jacksonian period[edit | edit source]
- John Quincy Adams
- Bank War
- Corrupt Bargain
- Force Bill
- Henry Clay
- Jacksonian democracy
- Indian Removal Act
- Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)
- Nullification Crisis
- Petticoat affair
- Postal Service
- Panic of 1837
- Second Party System
- spoils system
- Tariff of 1833
- Trail of Tears
- Daniel Webster
- Worcester v. Georgia
Antebellum[edit | edit source]
Social reform[edit | edit source]
- American Anti-Slavery Society
- cult of domesticity
- Declaration of Sentiments
- Frederic Douglas
- emancipation
- Philadelphia Women's Anti-Slavery Convention
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Second Great Awakening
- Seneca Falls Convention
- Sojouner Truth
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- suffrage
- Temperance movement
- Henry David Thoreaux
- transcendentalism
- Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- Underground Railroad
- Walden Pond
Antebellum[edit | edit source]
- American Party
- Bloody Kansas
- John Calhoun
- Compromise of 1850
- Jefferson Davis
- Dred Scott decision
- Gadsden Purchase
- Gold Rush of 1849
- Henry Clay
- John Brown
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Know Nothings
- Lincoln-Douglas Debates
- manifest destiny
- Mexican American War
- popular sovereignty
- Republic of Texas
- sectionalism
- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
- Daniel Webster
Latter 19th Century[edit | edit source]
Civil War[edit | edit source]
- 1860 Election
- Anaconda Plan
- Antietam
- Appomattox
- Confederacy
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Ft. Sumter
- Gettysburg
- Gettysburg Address
- Robert E. Lee
- Lincoln’s pre-war stance on slavery
- Sherman’s March
- Vicksburg
- U.S. Grant
- Union
Reconstruction[edit | edit source]
- 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
- black codes
- Compromise of 1877
- 40 acres and a mule
- Freedman’s Bureau
- grandfather clause
- homestead
- Jim Crow laws Klu Klux Klan
- land grant
- literacy tests
- Morill Land-Grant Act (1862)
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- poll taxes
- Radical Republicans
- Reconstruction Act of 1867
- Reconstruction programs:
- Lincoln's plan
- Johnson's program
- Congressional program
Post-Reconstruction[edit | edit source]
- Susan B. Anthony
- Battle of Wounded Knee
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- Dawes Act /assimilation
- Gentlemen’s Agreement
- Great Migration
- Homestead Act of 1862
- melting pot
- nativism
- National Suffrage Movement
- Sand Creek Massacre
- Women's Christian Temperance Union
Economic & Political[edit | edit source]
- Andrew Carnegie
- bimetallism
- economies of scale
- Grange, the
- hard money
- laissez-faire capitalism
- monopoly
- Nelson Rockefeller
- political bosses
- political machine
- Populist Party
- robber barons
- Sherman Anti-trust Act
- silver
- social Darwinism
- soft money
- specie
- Standard Oil
- transcontinental railroad
- U.S. Steel
Imperialism[edit | edit source]
- Battle of Manila
- “Big Stick Policy”
- Cuba
- de Lôme Letter,
- imperialism
- William McKinley
- Open Door Policy
- Panama Canal
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Spanish-American War
- yellow journalism
- USS Maine
First half 20th Century[edit | edit source]
Labor[edit | edit source]
- craft union
- American Federation of Labor (AFL)
- Eugene Debs (155-1926)
- industrial union
- industrial union
- Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
- Samuel Gompers (1850-1924)
- term
Progressive Era[edit | edit source]
- "Square Deal”
- 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
- Bull Moose Party
- Elkins Act (1903)
- Eugene V. Debs
- Direct democracy
- Federal Reserve Act (1913)
- Gifford Pinchot
- Hepburn Act
- initiative
- Jacob Riis
- Jane Addams
- Meat Inspection Act
- muckrakers
- New Freedom
- New Nationalism
- Newlands Act of 1902
- Progressive Party
- Progressives / progressivism
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- recall
- referendum
- Rule of Reason
- Settlement houses
- socialism
- Square Deal
- Upton Sinclair
- Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt
- "Three Cs": Conservation, Corporate law, Consumer protections
- William Howard Taft
World War I era[edit | edit source]
WWI[edit | edit source]
Notes:
- Bolsheviks
- Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts
- "He kept us out of the war" (1916)
- Jones Act (1916)
- Liberty Loans
- Lusitania sinking (1915)
- Pancho Villa (1914)
- Russian Revolution
- Sussex Pledge (1916)
- U-Boats
- Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 (TWEA)
- War bonds
- War Industries Board
- Zimmerman Note
WWI aftermath[edit | edit source]
- Collective Security
- Depression of 1920-1921
- Fourteen Points
- League of Nations
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee
- Treaty of Versailles
post-WWI & 1920s[edit | edit source]
- "America First"
- Black Tuesday
- Court-packing scheme
- deficit spending
- Dust Bowl
- Harlem Renaissance
- Hoover
- Immigration Act of 1924
- League of Nations
- Lusitania/Zimmerman Note
- National Origins Act
- New Deal
- Palmer Raids
- Proclamation of Neutrality
- prohibition
- pump-priming
- Red Scare
- Return to ‘normalcy’
- Roarding Twenties
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- Scopes Trial
- Teapot Dome Scandal
- Wilsonianism
1920s[edit | edit source]
- automobiles
- consumerism
- credit
- Bathtub gin
- Harlem Renaissance
- Jazz Age
- Klu Klux Klan
- Margin buying
- radio
- refrigerators
- Scopes "Monkey" Trial
Great Depression & FDR[edit | edit source]
Stock Market Crash & Hoover Administration[edit | edit source]
Notes:
- the value of the New York Stock Exchange was measured in value by the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA, also known as "the DOW"; it is still used, but among other measures);
- the market rose from about 150 in January of 1927 to a peak of 381 in August of 1929.
- it started dropping through September into October, before its precipitous drop to 237 on Oct 29
- it stabilizied in early 1930, then in May continued a long drop to its low of 41 on July 8, 1932; the DOW did not reach 381 until 1954
- Black Thursday
- Black Monday
- Black Tuesday
- "buying on margin"
- Hawley-Smoot Tariff
- Hoovervilles
- margin call
-
- speculative bubble
- 100 Days
- 20th Amendment
- 21st Amendment
- bank run
- Brain Trust
- Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO, started 1938)
- fireside chats
- Harry Hopkins
- NRA
- "New Deal"
- Francis Perkins
- Social Security
- Supreme Court
- "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"
- Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
FDR Administration & Great Depression[edit | edit source]
= New Deal legislation & Agencies[edit | edit source]
World War II[edit | edit source]
pre-WWII[edit | edit source]
- A Philip Randolph
- America First Committee
- appeasement
- Battle of Britain
- “cash and carry”
- election of 1940
- isolationism
- Lend-Lease Act
- Lindburgh
- Maginot Line
- Munich Agreement
- "Peace for our time"
- Poland invasion
- Sudetenland
- U.S. Neutrality Acts
- "war footing"
- war preparations
WWII[edit | edit source]
- "arsenal of democracy"
- D-Day
- Eastern Front
- Hiroshima, Nagasaki
- Homefront
- Island Hopping
- Japanese Internment Camps
- Korematsu v. U.S.
- Manhattan Project
- mechanized warfare
- propaganda
- rationing
- recycling
- Rosie the Riviter
- Truman’s decision
- "Victory Gardens"
- war bonds
Post-War plans/ conferences
- Potsdam Conference
- Tehran Conference
- Yalta Conference
End of WWII[edit | edit source]
- 22nd amendment
- Nuremburg Trials
- United Nations
Latter-half 20th Century[edit | edit source]
Notes:
- WWII was the last conflict entered by official Declaration of War by Congress
- all other post-WWII "wars" have been without actual declaration of war
- the U.S. has entered most of these wars through a combination of Executive Action and Congressional approval, either for a military action or funding thereof
- a key component of post-WWII US History for students to grapple with is the dramatic change to worldwide involvement and/or adventurism and the various justifications for them
- students should understand American "hegemony" and reaons for American worlwdide dominance and the extent to which it may be considered economic, political cultural imperialism
Early Cold War Foreign Affairs[edit | edit source]
- Berlin crisis / Berlin airlift
- Bretton Woods Conference
- capitalism
- Chiang Kai-shek
- China, loss of
- communism
- containment policy
- George F. Kennan
- Greek Civil War
- ideology/ ideological
- Iron Curtain / Iron Curtain speech
- Israel/ Palestine
- Long Telegram / Article “X”
- Mao Zedong
- Marshall Plan
- NATO
- NATO/Warsaw Pact
- NSC-68
- proxy war
- SEATO
- sphere/s of influence
- Suez Canal Crisis
- Truman Doctrine
- Turkey
- United Nations
- UK sterling crisis
- Warsaw Pact
Atomic age[edit | edit source]
- atmospheric testing
- atomic testing
- bombers
- A-bomb
- Chinese bomb (Taiwan incident)
- German scientists
- H-bomb
- brinkmanship
- ICBM
- Nike missile system
- MAD/ mutually-assured destruction
- anti-ballistic missile
- nuclear shield
Korean War[edit | edit source]
- Truman v. Gen. MacArthur
- Chinese Revolution
Cold War diplomacy[edit | edit source]
- East, the
- hegemony / hegemonic power
- nation-building
- Palestine partition
- Security Council
- Third World
- unaligned nations
- United Nations
- West, The
Eisenhower period[edit | edit source]
- CIA
- containment
- containment in Asia
- containment in Europe
- containment in Latin America
- containment in the Middle East
- Cuba
- Domino Theory
- Dwight Eisenhower
- Eisenhower Doctrine
- HUAC Committee
- Joseph McCarthy
- Marshall Plan
- McCarthyism
- "military industrial complex" (1958/9?)
- Suez crisis
Domestic US Cold War[edit | edit source]
- Executive Order 9835
- Second Red Scare
- McCarthyism
- HUAC
- Hollywood 10
- McCarren Act
- Rosenbergs
- Alger Hiss
- Space Race
Kennedy[edit | edit source]
- Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Berlin Wall
- CIA activity under Kennedy
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Domino Theory
- Bay of Pigs
- Hot-Line
- Robert F. Kennedy
- Limited Test Ban Treaty
- quarantine v. blockade
- Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
- Peace Corps
Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- French involvement, 1954-1955
- US involvement, 1959-1973
Eisenhower period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- Dien Bien Phu
Kennedy period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- JFK
- Robert McNamara
- "Whiz Kids"
- “flexible response”
- advisors
- Camelot
- assassination
Johnson period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- bombing campaigns
- escalation
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident (1964)
- Tet Offensive (1968)
- Walter Cronkite
- U.S. public opinion
- Vietnamization
- War Powers Acts
- Gulf of Tonkin
- Attrition
- Hearts and Minds
- Rolling Thunder
- My Lai Massacre
- Escalation
Nixon period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- China
- Operation Linebacker II
- Christmas bombings
- "silent majority”
- Paris Peace Accords
- Bombing of Laos and Cambodia
- Paris Peace Accords
- opening of China
- Kissinger
- Pentagon Papers
- White House protests
Vietnam War protest movements[edit | edit source]
- draft, the
- hippies
- protests
- Kent State
- Jackson State
post-Nixon[edit | edit source]
- Fall of Saigon
- Cambodian genocide
- Pol Pot
post-WWII Domestic U.S[edit | edit source]
1950s culture[edit | edit source]
- baby boom
- "Fair Deal" (1945-49)
- suburbia
- rock'n'roll
- conformity
- Interstate Highway Act
Civil Rights[edit | edit source]
- “Little Rock Nine”
- Brown v. Board of Education
- civil disobedience
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Executive Order 9981
- Jackie Robinson
- Malcolm X
- March on Washington
- Martin Luther King, Jr.
- Montgomery bus boycott
- nonviolence
- Voting Rights Act of 1965
- George Wallace
Other Civil Rights and Political Movements[edit | edit source]
- American Indian Movement (AIM)
- Cesar Chavez
- Chicano Movement
- environmentalism
- Grapes Boycott
- Michael Harrington
- "Incorporation" Cases
- Roe v. Wade
- Silent Spring
- women’s liberation movement (NOW)
- Wounded Knee Incident
Johnson[edit | edit source]
- Great Society
- War on Poverty
1970s: Nixon, Ford & Carter[edit | edit source]
- Watergate
- pardoning of Nixon
- stagflation
- Afghanistan
- Olympic boycott
- Iranian hostage crisis
- OPEC
- oil embargo
- Camp David Accords
Reagan era[edit | edit source]
- Iran-Contra Affair
- John Stockton
- Reykjavík Summit
- Berlin speech
- Landslide
- Star Wars
- "Reagan Revolution”
- Reaganomics
- Supply-side economics
End of the Cold War[edit | edit source]
- George HW Bush
- Military spending cuts
- Gulf War
- Bill Clinton
- Peace Dividend
- NAFTA
- "end of history"
- service sector economy
- New Immigration
- Haiti
- Yugoslavia and Bosnia
- Rwanda
21st Century[edit | edit source]
War on Terror[edit | edit source]
- September 11th
- Al Queda
- Afghanistan War
- Iraq
- Patriot Act
Obama Administration[edit | edit source]
- Great Recession
- ISIS
- Affordable Care Act
- Obama Care
- DREAM Act
Third Party movements[edit | edit source]
- notes
- third parties represent political movements that the major parties do not accommodate
- or a split within them
- elections through to the 1830s had multiple candidates from the same party, so were not technically "third parties)
- or they were divided geographically and/or over a particular issue or political position
- third parties represent political movements that the major parties do not accommodate
| Party | Election | % of Popular Vote | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Masonic Party | 1832 | 7.8% |
|
| Liberty Party | 1844 | 2.3% |
|
| Free Soil | 1848 | 10.1% |
|
| 1852 | 4.9% | ||
| Know Nothing (American Party) | 1856 | 21.6% |
|
| Four-way split | 1860 |
| |
| Liberal Republican | 1872 | 43.8% |
|
| Greenback Party | 1876 | 0.99% |
|
| 1880 | 3.35% | ||
| Prohibition Party | 1884 | 1.5% |
|
| 1888 | 2.2% | ||
| 1896 | .094% | ||
| 1900 | 1.51% | ||
| 1904 | 1.92% | ||
| 1912 | 1.38% | ||
| 1916 | 1.19% | ||
| Populist Party | 1892 | 8.5% |
|
| Socialist Party | 1904 | 2.98% |
|
| 1908 | 2.83% | ||
| 1912 | 6% | ||
| 1916 | 3.19% | ||
| 1920 | 3.41% | ||
| 1932 | 2.23% | ||
| Progressive Party | 1912 | 27% |
|
| Progressive | 1924 | 16.6% |
|
| Dixiecrat
Progressive |
1948 | 2.4%
2.4% |
|
| American Independent | 1968 | 13.5% |
|
| John Anderson (Independent candidate) | 1980 | 6.6% |
|
| Ross Pero (Independent candidate/ Reform Party) | 1992 | 18.9% |
|
| 1996 | 8.4% | ||
| Green Party | 2000 | 2.74% |
|
| Libertarian | 2016 | 3.28% |
|
| Robert F. Kennedy (independent candidate) | 2024 | ? |
|
Economic crises[edit | edit source]
| Mississippi Company | 1720 | French company had Royal grant for trading rights to French colonies in Americas
|
|
| Panic of 1792 | 1792 | Short-lived panic caused by sudden credit expansion following the formation of the Bank of the United States, which led to land speculation
|
|
| Land bubble 1796 | 1996 | Land speculation bubble that collapsed following specie payments suspension by the Bank of England, caused by a rush of bank withdrawals in England out of fear of a war with France
|
|
| Panic of 1819 | 1819-1821 | Finanical crisis sparked by land speculation bubble, excess paper money, and issuance of bank notes unbacked by gold by the Second Bank of the United States
|
|
| Panic of 1837 | 1837-1843 | Major depression in which prices, profits, wages, and financial activity was severely curtailed
|
|
| Panic of 1857 | 1857-1859 | National financial crisis sparked by British change in requirements for gold and silver reserves for paper money
|
|
| Crédit Mobilier scandal | 1864-1867 | A railoard company created by the Union Pacific Railroad to build the eastern portion of the transcontinental railroad inflated its costs by $44 million dollars and paid bribes to politicians for laws and regulatory ruilings in its favor
|
|
| Panic of 1873 | 1873-1877 |
|
|
| Panic of 1893 | 1893-1897 | Econoic depression that was sparked by the failure of an Argentine bank, Baring Brothers, which collapsed over crops price collapse,
|