**study of or belief system regarding the Church and its nature
**understood in conjunction with '''soteriology''', which is study of or belief system about salvation and its nature
*'''economy'''
*'''economy'''
**as in the "economy of the Old Testament"
**as in the "economy of the Old Testament"
Line 778:
Line 781:
***"Because sin is always an offences against God, only he can forgive it"
***"Because sin is always an offences against God, only he can forgive it"
*'''"sleeper awake"'''
*'''"sleeper awake"'''
**= we are dead in sin (sleeping) and arise, or awake, with Christ
**from Ephesians 5:14 (Paul):
But when anything is exposed by the light, it becomes visible, for anything that becomes visible is light. Therefore it says, “Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.”
*'''soteriology'''
**study of study of or belief system regarding salvation and its nature
**understood in conjunction with '''ecclesiology''', which is the study of or belief system regarding the Church and its nature
*'''spirit'''
*'''spirit'''
**in Hebrew "ruah"
**in Hebrew: ''ruah''
**see Holy Spirit
**see '''Holy Spirit'''
*'''subsidiarity'''
*'''subsidiarity'''
**the principle that "a community of a higher order should not interfere in the internal life of a community of a lower order" (CCC 1883)
**the principle that "a community of a higher order should not interfere in the internal life of a community of a lower order" (CCC 1883)
I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End' says the Lord, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty
amen
"so be it"
from Hebrew amen for "truth"
used to affirm a truth
from CCC 2856 "Then, after the prayer is over you say 'Amen,' which means 'So be it,' thus ratifying with our 'Amen' what is contained in the prayer that God has taught us."
anagogue
Greek for "leading"
"anagogical sense" of building faith / understanding the scriptures
= in the sense of "what does this say about Heaven, about salvation, where does it lead me?"
see "scriptures, modes of interpretation"
anamnesis
making present
as in the presence of Christ in the Gospel reading during the Liturgy of the Word
angel
"messenger from God"
from Latin/Greek angelus / angelos for "messenger"
likely from semitic origin
Annunciation
the announcement to the virgin Mary by Archangel Gabriel that she would give birth to the Savior
Gabriel told her to name the baby "Emmanuel" for "God is with us"
= "Jesus"
the Annunciation is usually celebrated on March 24
anoint / anointed
"smeared with oil"
Latin in- "in, into" + unguere "to smear"
to anoint = to confer divinity or divine office
the Holy Spirit anointed Christ to show he was the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies
apocryphia
religious texts of unknown or dubious origin
are not included in the Holy scripture
apologia / apologetics
in defense or justification of faith
an "apologist" defends the faith
from Greek apologos for "an account" or "speech in defense of oneself"
PIE*apo- "off, away" + logos "speech" or "word"
see below for "word"
apologos indicates "reasoned defense," or "thought out"
apostate / apostasy
n., one who forsakes, abandons, or neglects the Church
from Greek apostasia, "defection, desertion, rebellion,"
PIE *apo- (off, away from) + PIE *sta- (to stand, make/ be firm) = away from the place
apostle
"one who is sent"
i.e., the Twelve were chosen and sent by Jesus to preach His word
Paul was also called an apostle, given his special mission as "apostle to the gentiles" (sent by Jesus Christ after the resurrection)
apostolic
archangel
arch- = "chief"
Ascension
aseitas
from Latin ab- (from) se (self)
thus from oneself
existence unto oneself
expresses that God's existence has no cause or justification; God exists
thus "I am"
Assumption
atonement
salvation through the Passion and the Cross
Christ suffered, died, and was resurrected to atone for man's sins
atone = ad (into) + one = making one, in harmony, united
the Jews of the 2nd and 3rd centuries used only the Tonakh books
the "Deuterocanonical" books (Hebrew scriptures) were excluded by Martin Luther in 1500s
the Deuterocanonical books were affirmed by the Catholic Church starting with the Synod of Hippo in 393
cardinal
cardinal sin
casuistri
<< see CCC 579
catacomb
"Sepulchral vaults" = underground burial tombs
from Latin cata tumbas "among the graves"
cata = among + comb = graves or tombs
derived from Latin cumbere "to lie:
unrelated to "catechism"
catechesis
from Catechesi Tradendae by John Paul II:
The primary and essential object of catechesis is, to use an expression dear to St. Paul and also to contemporary theology, "the mystery of Christ." Catechizing is in a way to lead a person to study this mystery in all its dimensions: "to make all men see what is the plan of the mystery...comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth ...know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge...(and be filled) with all the fullness of God." It is therefore to reveal in the Person of Christ the whole of God's eternal design reaching fulfillment in that Person. It is to seek to understand the meaning of Christ's actions and words and of the signs worked by Him, for they simultaneously hide and reveal His mystery. Accordingly, the definitive aim of catechesis is to put people not only in touch but in communion, in intimacy, with Jesus Christ: only He can lead us to the love of the Father in the Spirit and make us share in the life of the Holy Trinity.
catechism
"instruction in Christian principles"
from Latin catechismus for "book of instruction"
from Greek katekhismos
which is from katekhizein "to teacher oraly, instruct by word of mouth" which is from Greek katekhein "to resound"
thus "catechism" maintains an element of joyful echoes from katekhein "to resound"
from Greek kata (down, thoroughly) + ekhein (to ring, to sound)
PIE *(s)wagh- to resound, echo
catechist / catechumen
catechist is the teacher of the catechesis
catechumen is the student
cathedra / cathedral
church of a bishop
note: cardinals are assigned a church in Rome, but keep their home cathedra
catholic
universal, universally accepted
so = "doctrines of the early church"
Greek kath (in general) + holos "whole"
PIE *sol- "whole, well-kept"
Cf.
confer / conferatur
meaning "compare"
indicates a source supportive or analogous to the CCC entry text
"Whether extraordinary or simple and humble, charisms are special graces of the Holy Spirit which directly or indirectly benefit the Church, ordered as they are to her building up, to the good of men, and to the needs of the world" (CCC 799)
charity
love of the other
= Christian love = love's highest manifestation
from Latin caritas for "costliness, esteem, affection"
from PIE *kar- "to like, desire
note that the French chere and Spanish caro for "costly, expensive"
thus "charity" implies something important
charity is related to Greek agape in the sense of love of fellow man, as opposed to the sense of physical desire in amor (love)
charitable
acting or manifesting Christian love (charity)
esp. regarding treatment of the poor
"charitable" also maintains the sense of non-judgment towards others
the Chi-Rho symbol is the letter P w/ the letter X superimposed
Christ
Greek for the Hebrew "Messiah" meaning "anointed"
"Christos" in Greek (Χριστός)
"Christ" signifies Jesus' divine mission
Christian / Christians
"follower of Christ"
for more see "The Way" below (Way, the)
from Acts 11:26
25Then Barnabas departed for Tarsus to seek Saul. 26 And when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. So it was that for a whole year they assembled with the church and taught a great many people. And the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch.
Christogram
= Chi-Rho
= first two letters of "Christ" in Greek
"Chi", written "X", is the "chiasmus" (symbol) for the cross
church
from Latin ecclesia and Greek ekkalein for "to call out"
study of or belief system regarding the Church and its nature
understood in conjunction with soteriology, which is study of or belief system about salvation and its nature
economy
as in the "economy of the Old Testament"
= "the process of", "the carrying out of"
from Greek oikonomia for "household management"
oikonomos = manager, steward
from PIE *weik- "clan" or "managing"
or PIE *nem- "assign, allot, take, especially for managing resources
so in Church, "economy" refers to "the works by which God reveals himself"
as opposed to "theology", which is the mystery of God's inmost life withing the Blessed Trinity"
therefore, "theologia illuminates oikonomia"
from CCC 236
CCC 122: the "economy" of the OT is in preparation for Jesus
ecumenical council
elder
<< originally priest << to confirm
Emmanuel
name for Jesus in Matthew 1:23
means "God-with-us"
= reference to House of David
see "Jesus" entry below
Epiphany
the manifestation of Christ to the gentiles. as represented by the Magi (Matthew 2:1–12)
celebrated January 6
episcopal college
a permanent assembly
Christ placed Peter at its head
episcopate
episkopos
Greek for "bishop"
means "overseer"
related to "shepherd"
Epistle
letters
Eucharist
sacrament of the Last Supper
from Latin eucharistia and Greek eukharistia for "thanksgiving, gratitude"
eu = Greek for "good or well " + kharis "favor, grace"
thus includes a sense of "thankfulness", "to be thankful"
Eukharistia = "the Lord's Supper"
evangel
= the gospel/ "the good news"
evangelical = of the gospel / good news
evangelist
preacher of good news/ the gospel
from etym (to sort):
evangelist (n.)
late 12c., "Matthew, Mark, Luke or John," from Old French evangelist and directly from Late Latin evangelista, from Greek euangelistes "preacher of the gospel," literally "bringer of good news," from euangelizesthai "bring good news," from eu- "good" (see eu-) + angellein "announce," from angelos "messenger" (see angel).
In early Greek Christian texts, the word was used of the four traditional authors of the narrative gospels. Meaning "itinerant preacher" was another early Church usage, revived in Middle English (late 14c.). Classical Greek euangelion meant "the reward of good tidings;" sense transferred in Christian use to the glad tidings themselves. In Late Latin, Greek eu- regularly was consonantized to ev- before vowels.
exegesis
explanation, interpretation
from Greek exegeisthai for "explain, interpret"
ex (from) + hegesithai (to lead, guide)
an exegete is one who interprets or explains scripture
expiate / expiation
to atone for, make amends
= ex- (from, out of) + piare (propitiate, appease)
piare from PIE *leu- "to loosen, divide, cut apart"
has origin in PIE oid- for "seeming, like, like that of..."
and Greek -oeidēs from eidos "form," idein "to see," and eidenai "to know, to see"
from PIE *weid- "to see"
idolatry means to put anything above god, be it an idol, other god, Satan, pride, sin, money, etc.
see CC 2113:
"Idolatry rejects the unique Lordship of God; it is therefore incompatible with communion with God."
immutability & impassibility
the idea that God:
does not change (immutable)
is not subject to passions (emotions)
in that God is immutable...
He is never less than all good, all loving
He is never anything less than what He is
in that God is impassible,
he is not subject to whims, emotions or emotional attachments
to project human emotions or characteristics upon God is to make God in our image, not us in His
imputibility
< degree of responsibility for sin << todo
in persona christi
Incarnation
the embodiment of God in the person of Christ
from Latin incarnari "be made flesh
in (into) + carnis (flesh)
from PIE *en- + *sker- "to cut"
from CCC 432
"... Jesus united himself to all men through his Incarnation"
INRI
abbreviation for = Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum
Latin for "Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews."
the Latin alphabet does not have the letter "J", which was expressed by the vowel "I"
from John 9:19-23:
Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, “Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews.” Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,’ but that he said, 'I am the King of the Jews.'” Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written."
invention
"finding or discovery"
from Latin invenire, "to come upon, find out, discover"
in = "in, on" + venir = "to come"
PIE root *gwa for "to go, to come"
thus an "invention" is not something created by man, it is something discovered or found out by man
God creates the world; mankind "invents" or "discovers" it
used for the original "Invention of the Cross", which was the discovery of the three crosses from the biblical crucifixion (see Saint Helena, mother of Satin Constantine ("Constantine the Great")
"The living teaching office of the Church, whose task is to give us authentic interpretation of the word of God... the Magisterium ensures the Church's fidelity to the teaching of the Apostles in matters of faith and morals"
martyr
from Greek for "witness"
from Matthew 10:13:
"But whoever denies me before others, I will also deny before my heavenly Father."
and Matthew 16:25:
"For whoever wants to save their life[a] will lose it, but whoever loses their life for me will find it."
thus early Christian martyrs refused to deny Christ in order to join him in Heaven
and conceived of martyrdom as "baptism in their own blood" which removed any stain of sin
making martyrdom "the ultimate penitence" (Papandrea, p. 79)
"confessors" were those who "confessed" to being Christian to the Roman authorities
see "Reading of the Church Fathers," by James L. Papandrea, p. 78-79
Mass
"Eucharistic service" or "celebration of the Eucharist
per Novus Ordo, Mass = "the Lord's Supper", an assembly of people for memorial celebration of the Lord
from Matthew 18:20: where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them
note that prior to Vatican II the real presence of Jesus was directly affirmed (transubstantiation)
Old English mæsse and Middle English messe or masse\
the meaning is likely derived from the "dismissal" at the end of the service
as it is related to Latin mittere for "to let go, send" as in on a mission
matrimony
from motherhood + fruit of the union
< to do
Messiah
<< to do
see protoevangelium
the gatherer <<
CCC 436:
Just fulfilled the messianic hope of Israel in his threefold office of priest, prophet and king"
moral
moral = Latin mos for "one's disposition (genitive of "moris")
possibly related to OE mod for "heart, spirit, courage, frame of mind"
morality
the morality of an act depends upon:
the object chosen
= what the "will" directs itself toward (what is wanted)
from Greek mystērion for "secret rite or doctrine"
conferred by Christ < see CCC 875
makes real what is symbolic
sacred
hollowed, consecrated, made holy
from Old French sacrer "to consecrate, anoint"
PIE *sak- or *shnk "sanctify, make sacred"
sacrifice
sacred offering
saint
"holy one"
early Christians saw martyrs as saints as they were certain to be with God for their allegiance and sacrifice to the Lord
they were known as "saints for sure"
and their death dates, burial sites and remains became the focus of worship
the closer to the "relic" of a saint the closer to God
see Papandrea, p 80
Salvation history
= progressive revelation of God's plan to save humanity from death after Man's fall
salvific
as in "salvific character of God's Revelation" (JPII)
sanctify
to make sacred
from Latin sanctus "holy"
so santus (holy) + facere ("to make or do" from PIE *dhe- "to set, put")
scatter
from Greek : diabalein
Scripture
Scriptures, modes of interpretation
the "Four Senses of Scripture"
literal
allegorical
moral
anagogical
ex.
Interpreting "Jerusalem"
Mode or "sense"
Meaning
Literal
the city of the Jews
Allegorical
the Church created by Christ: the meaning of that Church
Moral
Jerusalem as the human soul: what is the instruction God gives us?
Anagogical
Jerusalem as salvation: what we must do to get there
Septuagint
the earliest existing Greek translation of the Old Testament
the Apostles and early Christians used this version of the Hebrew Bible and incorporated it completely into the Old Testament
including the "Deuterocanonical" books, most of which are in the Catholic and not Protestant bible.
sin
OE synn for "moral wrongdoing, injury, mischief, enmity, feud, guilt, crime, offense against God, misdeed"
from PIE *snt-ya-, forming *es-ont- for "becoming"
in Germanic language groups, took on meaning of "it is true". as in "the sin is real"
CCC 431:
"Because sin is always an offences against God, only he can forgive it"
"sleeper awake"
= we are dead in sin (sleeping) and arise, or awake, with Christ
from Ephesians 5:14 (Paul):
But when anything is exposed by the light, it becomes visible, for anything that becomes visible is light. Therefore it says, “Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.”
soteriology
study of study of or belief system regarding salvation and its nature
understood in conjunction with ecclesiology, which is the study of or belief system regarding the Church and its nature
spirit
in Hebrew: ruah
see Holy Spirit
subsidiarity
the principle that "a community of a higher order should not interfere in the internal life of a community of a lower order" (CCC 1883)
subsidiarity is a form of "salutary neglect," which holds that "subsidiary" (lower order) organizations grow more healthy (salutary) when autonomous from direct control, although coordinated in common cause with the larger organization.
subsidiary organizations include dioceses, parishes, and families
also part of the important concept of separation of Church and state
the Church should be independent of and free from interference by the state
symbiotic
together, in union
from Greek symbiosis for "living together,"; or symbioun "live together,"; and symbios "(one) living together", "husband or wife,"
syn- "together" + bios "life" (from PIE *gwei- "to live")
synod
synod
= ecclesiastical council
from Greek synodos = syn (together) + hodos (for "traveling, journeying, a way or path")
today = ecclesial gathering with the intent to discern the Holy Spirit's directions for the Church
37 In the historical conditions in which he finds himself, however, man experiences many difficulties in coming to know God by the light of reason alone:
Though human reason is, strictly speaking, truly capable by its own natural power and light of attaining to a true and certain knowledge of the one personal God, who watches over and controls the world by his providence, and of the natural law written in our hearts by the Creator; yet there are many obstacles which prevent reason from the effective and fruitful use of this inborn faculty. For the truths that concern the relations between God and man wholly transcend the visible order of things, and, if they are translated into human action and influence it, they call for self-surrender and abnegation. The human mind, in its turn, is hampered in the attaining of such truths, not only by the impact of the senses and the imagination, but also by disordered appetites which are the consequences of original sin. So it happens that men in such matters easily persuade themselves that what they would not like to be true is false or at least doubtful.
- Pius XII, Humani Generis, 561: DS 3875
Overview:
Made in the image of God, man is capable of understanding God's knowledge as relates to mankind, but...
God's knowledge is shielded from man by man's incomplete perception of it
and, worse, it is further misguided by sin.
As a result, men deny, deflect, or ignore God's wisdom
by hiding behind their own ignorance
which they use to justify their denial of God's knowledge.
Man can only perceive God's knowledge by surrendering and rejecting his own limited perceptions
Translation:
God's relation with man can be understood by reason
Yet man's reason has obstacles to that understanding
Man's reason ("the human mind") cannot easily attain "such truths"
because the relation between God and man goes beyond what can be observed ("visible order of things")
as it is "impacted" (hampered) by senses (what man imperfectly perceives) and imagination (what man imagines or dreams of)
to begin to perceive God's truths (that go beyond what can be seen by man), man must "transcend" or get beyond what is seen in "human action"
"self-surrender and abnegation" (renouncing man's conceit) are required
worse, man's perceptions are "disordered" (negatively impacted by) "appetites" (desires) that "are the consequences of original sin."
so when man false short of pure reason (incorrect perception, sin, etc.)
he convinces ("easily persuade") himself that what he doesn't want to be true (God's word) is not true, or "doubtful" (likely not true)
i.e. = he fools himself
Other notes
the visible and invisible = parts of revelation
we can reason God but we cannot know the Trinity without Jesus
God reveals himself through visible creation
52 God, who "dwells in unapproachable light", wants to communicate his own divine life to the men he freely created, in order to adopt them as his sons in his only-begotten Son.3 By revealing himself God wishes to make them capable of responding to him, and of knowing him and of loving him far beyond their own natural capacity.
"unapproachable light" = God told Moses not to come closer
God speaks to humans in their own terms, as they cannot fully understand God ("beyond their natural ability")
therefore, God "reveals himself" in ways beyond their "natural capacity"
67 Throughout the ages, there have been so-called "private" revelations, some of which have been recognized by the authority of the Church. They do not belong, however, to the deposit of faith. It is not their role to 84 improve or complete Christ's definitive Revelation, but to help live more fully by it in a certain period of history. Guided by the magisterium of the Church, the sensus fidelium knows how to discern and welcome in these revelations whatever constitutes an authentic call of Christ or his saints to the Church.
75 "Christ the Lord, in whom the entire Revelation of the most high God is summed up, commanded the apostles to preach the Gospel, which had been promised beforehand by the prophets, and which he fulfilled in his own person and promulgated with his own lips. In preaching the Gospel, they were to communicate the gifts of God to all men. This Gospel was to be the source of all 1 71 saving truth and moral discipline."
(DV 7; cf. Mt 28:19-20; Mk 16:15)
The Magisterium of the Church
85 "The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living, teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus 888-892 Christ." (DV 10§ 2) This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the successor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome.
86 "Yet this Magisterium is not superior to the Word of God, but is its servant. It teaches only what has been handed on to it. At the divine command and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it listens to this devotedly, guards it with dedication, and expounds it faithfully. All that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is drawn from this single deposit of faith." (DV 10 § 2) Mindful of Christ's words to his apostles: "He who hears you, hears me," (49 Lk 10:16; cf. LG 20) the faithful receive with docility the teachings and directives that their pastors give them in different forms.
Period of inquiry – which is where we are now, at the beginning. This is a time to ask questions, learn, talk to people, and see where you on your faith journey.
Rite of Welcome – a symbolic gesture indicating that you want to pursue a closer relationship with God and with God’s people.
Period of Catechumen – this is the deepest period of growth and learning. The term Catechumen comes from the phrase to echo or to resound. This is the longest period and helps understand the relationship of the head and the heart in our faith journey.
Rite of Election – this is a Rite where our Bishop publicly and formally announces your welcome to the church and your intent to come into full communion.
Period of purification and enlightenment – this period takes place during the period of Lent, the 40-day period before the summit of Easter. This period emphasizes prayer and introspection.
Celebration of the sacraments at Easter – coming into full communion with the church at the Easter Vigil. The most joyful celebration also celebrates our new brothers and sisters in faith.
Mystagogy – the continuation of your faith journey immediately following your reception into full communion with the church.
I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your maidservant or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
You shall not kill.
Neither shall you commit adultery.
Neither shall you steal.
Neither shall you bear false witness against your neighbor.
Neither shall you covet your neighbor's wife. You shall not desire your neighbor's house; you shall not desire your neighbor's wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his ass, or anything that is your neighbor's.
I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. I am the LORD your God,
You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your maidservant or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
You shall not kill.
You shall not commit adultery.
You shall not steal.
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his ass, or anything that is your neighbor's.
See:
CCC p. 496, between 2051 and 2052, "Life in Christ" section
