Pre-Columbian Americas: Difference between revisions

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See
EnSESee
* [[Prehispanic Mesoamerica]]
* [[Prehispanic Mesoamerica]]
* [[Pre-Columbian Americas]]
* [[Pre-Columbian Americas]]
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=== City of Caral ===
=== City of Caral ===
{| border="1" align="right" style="text-align:center; background-color:#E8E8E8; font-size:90%;" cellpadding="5"
|+
City of Caral timeline
|-
| '''Period'''
| '''Stage'''
|-
| 2800 BC
| early settlement in Picu valley
|-
| 2600 BC
| rowspan="2" | First constructions
|-
| 2400 BC
|-
| 2200 BC
| rowspan="2" | Enlarged and reconstructed
|-
| 2000 BC
|-
| 1800 BC
| city abandoned
|-
|+ align="bottom" |source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral
|}
[[File:PiramidesdeCaral.JPG|thumb|Pyramids at Caral-Supe]]
[[File:PiramidesdeCaral.JPG|thumb|Pyramids at Caral-Supe]]
* the oldest city in the Americas is "Caral-Supe" or "Caral" in Peru
* the oldest city in the Americas is "Caral-Supe" or "Caral" in Peru
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** disrupted fisheries
** disrupted fisheries


{| border="1" align="right" style="text-align:center; background-color:#E8E8E8; font-size:90%;" cellpadding="5"
|+
===Predynastic Egypt Timeline===
!colspan="2" | '''Stone Age to early Civilization'''
|-
| Event
| Date
|-
| Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers with
semi-nomadic dwellings along Nile
| 30,000- 10,000 BC
|-
| Neolithic period commences along Nile
| 9,000 - 5,500 BC
|-
| boats with sails depicted on rocks
| 6,000 BC
|-
| Egyptian calendar established with the
first recorded date being
| 4241 BC
|-
| trade with Middle East;
linen weaving, household goods;
| 4,000's BC
|-
| Sahara desertification causes
migration to Nile river valley by
| 3,900 BC
|-
| extensive use of copper
| 3,600 BC
|-
| donkey domesticated by
| 3,400 BC
|-
| separate Upper and Lower Egypt
kingdoms solidify
| 3300 BC
|-
| unification of Egypt under Menes
or "Narmer"
| 3100 BC
|-
| Hieroglyphic Writing developed
| 3100 BC
|-
|+ align="bottom" |sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Period_of_Egypt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.9_kiloyear_event
|}




Revision as of 15:30, 26 May 2022

EnSESee


pre-pottery Andean civilization[edit | edit source]

  • west-slope of the Andes
  • changes in elevation within close proximity
    • provided multiple ecological environments
    • variety of
    • access to the ocean
  • population growth along three river valleys
    • Fortaleza, Pativilca, Caral-Supe rivers

Norte Chico civilization, 3500-1800 BC[edit | edit source]

City of Caral[edit | edit source]

City of Caral timeline
Period Stage
2800 BC early settlement in Picu valley
2600 BC First constructions
2400 BC
2200 BC Enlarged and reconstructed
2000 BC
1800 BC city abandoned
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral
Pyramids at Caral-Supe
  • the oldest city in the Americas is "Caral-Supe" or "Caral" in Peru
    • "Caral" is the city
    • "Supe" = the valley
  • built approx. 3,000 BC
    • contemporaneous (same time) with Ancient Egypt
  • population was approx, 3,000
    • other similar sites suggest overall regional population of up to 20,000
  • consists of ceremonial, monumental and administrative buildings/ structures
  • city layout shows signs of social classes
    • large residential complexes near to ceremonial structures
    • small rooms in other areas
  • built pyramids
  • created the pattern of urban design in the Andes through to the Inca
  • shows no signs of warfare of defensive structures

Collapse[edit | edit source]

  • earthquakes
  • wind-blown sand and sediment from wind shift towards inland from the sea
    • disrupted agriculture
    • disrupted fisheries


misc notes / to do =[edit | edit source]

  • Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Americas per region:
    • North America: no smelting
      • copper readily available, malleable by hammering
    • South America developed smelting
    • Mesoamerica metallurgy via South American diffusion
  • see: Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America - Wikipedia
    • iron readily available
    • gold / silver / copper
      • gold hammered
      • tumbaga: copper-gold alloy
        • used for casting
    • gems used extensively / jade
    • obsidian used for edges/ knives/ cutting
      • ability to cut stone
      • but not wood
      • source: The Minerals of Pre-Columbian America | Rock & Gem Magazine (rockngem.com)
      • Andes region alloy use
        • tin used for specific but not general purposes >> "wirework bells"
          • tin deposits avail, not exploited
      • copper smelting in drafted furnaces
      • mercury
      • platinum developed in Andes region
        • copper, gold, silver alloys
        • technology adopted by Spanish
      • sinnabar
    • wood less useful
      • charcoal not developed
      • planks not exploited for buildings / ships

Americas

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