World History empires name meanings study guide: Difference between revisions
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* "Caliphate" from "Caliph" which means successor of Muhammad | * "'''Caliphate'''" from "Caliph" which means successor of Muhammad | ||
** literally translated from Arabic = "Successor of the Messenger of God" | |||
** the Caliph was considered ruler of the entire Muslim world (called the "umma" for "follower of Islam") | ** the Caliph was considered ruler of the entire Muslim world (called the "umma" for "follower of Islam") | ||
*** note that "umma" transcends ethnic/ tribal alliances | *** note that "umma" transcends ethnic/ tribal alliances | ||
** Sunni Caliphs were elected or selected by Islamic leaders | |||
* "Islam" means "submit to God" | * "Islam" means "submit to God" | ||
* "Sharia" is the Islamic law | * "Sharia" is the Islamic law | ||
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* "Shi'a" or "Shiite" is from "Shi'aat Ali" for "followers of Ali" | * "Shi'a" or "Shiite" is from "Shi'aat Ali" for "followers of Ali" | ||
** Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and the husband of his daughter, Fatima | ** Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and the husband of his daughter, Fatima | ||
** Shiites did not recognize the first three Caliphates as legiitimate | |||
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|[[File:Map of expansion of Caliphate.svg|thumb|Map of expansion of Islamic rule | |||
# Expansion under Muhammad, 622-632 | |||
# Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661 | |||
# Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750 | |||
|alt=Map of expansion of Caliphate.svg|none|250x250px]] | |||
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=== Rashidun Caliphate === | |||
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* "Rashidun" means "rightly guided" | |||
* 1st Caliphate | |||
* established by Abu Bakr, 632, who reunited Arabia under Islam following Muhammad's death | * established by Abu Bakr, 632, who reunited Arabia under Islam following Muhammad's death | ||
** under the idea, "Muhammad dead, Allah alive" | ** under the idea, "Muhammad dead, Allah alive" | ||
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|Middle East, North Africa, southwestern Anatolia | |||
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* Abu Bakr conquered Arabia and united all the tribes under "umma" | |||
* did not establish a monarchy, so succession was not hereditary | |||
* all four Rashidun Caliphs were related to Muhammad through marriage | |||
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=== Ottoman | === Ottoman Caliphate === | ||
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* the 4th caliphate | |||
|1517–1924 | |||
|see Ottoman Empire | |||
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=== Ottoman Empire === | |||
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|Middle East, Anatolia, Southeastern Europe, Greece, North Africa | |||
|[[File:OttomanEmpireMain.png|thumb|The Ottoman Empire in 1683|alt=The Ottoman Empire in 1683|none|250x250px]] | |||
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