World History empires name meanings study guide: Difference between revisions

VisualWikitext
Line 11: Line 11:
** cultural diffusion = the spreading and mixing of cultures, populations, technologies, disease, etc.
** cultural diffusion = the spreading and mixing of cultures, populations, technologies, disease, etc.
* we will see in this review over and over how many conquerors become more like the people and places they conquered than what / who they were at the start of the conquest
* we will see in this review over and over how many conquerors become more like the people and places they conquered than what / who they were at the start of the conquest
=== Standardization & unity ===
* empires rule and spread rule through the process of standardization
* while we think of standardization as making things the same, it can also mean treating disparate groups equally
** i.e., under  legal or political standards of either tolerance or favor
** in such systems, different groups may be treated unequally, but in a standardized system, the law or governance treats them consistently, if not equally
*** i.e., Islamic legal distinctions between Muslims and non-Muslims
**** different taxes, military service, etc.
* typical methods of standardization and unity include
** writing / language
** laws
** taxation
** currency/ money
** road & canal building
** official religion and/or religious tolerance


== China empires/ dynasties ==
== China empires/ dynasties ==
Line 295: Line 311:
|}
|}


== Middleastern empires ==
== Islamic empires ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name
Line 303: Line 319:
!Notes
!Notes
|-
|-
|Ottoman Empire
|Notes:
|
* "Caliphate" from "Caliph" which means successor of Muhammad
** the Caliph was considered ruler of the entire Muslim world (called the "umma" for "follower of Islam")
*** note that "umma" transcends ethnic/ tribal alliances
* "Islam" means "submit to God"
* "Sharia" is the Islamic law
** includes civil, political and criminal codes governing crime, family, trade, education, daily life and routines
* "Sunni" = "community"
** started by Muhammad's father-in-law, Abu Bakr
** Sunnis follow Caliphs
* "Shi'a" or "Shiite" is from "Shi'aat Ali" for "followers of Ali"
** Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and the husband of his daughter, Fatima
|
|
|
|-
|First Caliphate
|
* established by Abu Bakr, 632, who reunited Arabia under Islam following Muhammad's death
** under the idea, "Muhammad dead, Allah alive"
**
|
|
|
|-
|
=== Umayyad Caliphate ===
|
* 2nd major Caliphate (Sunni)
|
|
|
* established capital at Damascus in Syria (near Middle East)
* spread Islam and Arabic
** conquered Persia and extended reach to Indus River (modern Pakistan)
** expanded across North Africa and into Spain
|-
|
=== Abbasid Caliphate ===
|
* Abu Al-Abbas
|750-1258
|Lower Middle East
|
* conquered Damascus to create new Caliphate
* moved capital ot Baghdad
* included non-Arabs (especially Persians)
* attacked by Mogols and fell to Seljuk Turks
|-
|Turks/ Seljuk Turks
|
|
|
|
|-
|
=== Ottoman Empire ===
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
=== Safavid Empire ===
|
|
* Persian
|1453-1629
|Persia
|
|
* note the date, 1453 = the year of the fall of Constantinople, during which time the Ottmans were focused on expanding westward
|}
|}
[[Category:World History]]
[[Category:World History]]
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:Social Studies skills]]
[[Category:Social Studies skills]]
Retrieved from "https://school4schools.wiki/wiki/World_History_empires_name_meanings_study_guide"