Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1,172: | Line 1,172: | ||
* the Dunning-Kruger effect is observable but not provable | * the Dunning-Kruger effect is observable but not provable | ||
** i.e., it can happen but just because someone does not have competence does not mean that person will draw hasty, broad and wrong conclusions | ** i.e., it can happen but just because someone does not have competence does not mean that person will draw hasty, broad and wrong conclusions | ||
=== Hawthorne effect / Observation bias === | |||
* also known as "observer effect" | |||
* when the observer changes the actual event / object being observed | |||
** example : typically checking the air pressure of an automobile tire requires letting some air out of it in order to place the pressure gauge on it to measure the air pressure | |||
* the "Hawthorne effect" is named for a study at "Hawthorne Western Electric" | |||
** conducted at the company electrical plant in Illinois, 1924-1927 | |||
** researchers studied the impact of lighting (illumination) on worker productivity | |||
** however, the increases in worker productivity was not a result of the changes in lighting | |||
*** but due to the fact that the workers knew they were being observed | |||
*** which motivated them to work harder | |||
=== Illusion of truth paradox === | === Illusion of truth paradox === | ||
| Line 1,195: | Line 1,206: | ||
** thus the paradox that we accept as true something reported that we know little about, all the while knowing that an expert on or direct witness to that news would know it is inaccurate. | ** thus the paradox that we accept as true something reported that we know little about, all the while knowing that an expert on or direct witness to that news would know it is inaccurate. | ||
* from Michael Bromley | * from Michael Bromley | ||
=== Peter principle === | === Peter principle === | ||