US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions
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* 1534 Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church & create Church of England ("Anglican church") | * 1534 Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church & create Church of England ("Anglican church") | ||
** the break ensures English-Spanish/French competition / wars | ** the break ensures English-Spanish/French competition / wars | ||
* Non-conformists | * attending Anglican church was required of all citizens | ||
** attending mass was required, so "Non-conformists" held gatherings and mass in secret | |||
** Non-conformists did not "conform" to the central, state-run Church of England | |||
* Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious dissenters known generally as "'''Separatists'''" and "'''Puritans'''" and their offshoots, including | * Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious dissenters known generally as "'''Separatists'''" and "'''Puritans'''" and their offshoots, including | ||
** Anabaptists (opposed infant baptism; included Amish and Mennonite movements) | ** Anabaptists (opposed infant baptism; included Amish and Mennonite movements) | ||
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*** they accused Charles of being sympathetic to Catholicism and of trying to re-impose Catholic forms and perhaps Catholicism itself | *** they accused Charles of being sympathetic to Catholicism and of trying to re-impose Catholic forms and perhaps Catholicism itself | ||
* historians divide the English Civil War into three periods (not our concern here) | * historians divide the English Civil War into three periods (not our concern here) | ||
* key dates: | |||
** 1629-1640 "Eleven Years' Tyranny" | |||
*** Charles dissolved Parliament and ruled under "Royal Prerogative" as absolute ruler | |||
*** under financial pressure, Charles called Parliament then dissolved it after a few days (known as the "Short Parliament") | |||
*** Charles is forced to call a new Parliament ("Long Parliament") and make concessions | |||
*** from 1640-1648, 1653-1660 Long Parliament | |||
** 1648 the Long Parliament is disbanded by the New Model Army (made up of Roundheads) | |||
** 1649 execution of Charles I | ** 1649 execution of Charles I | ||
** 1648-1653 the "Rump Parliament" rules, consisting of members of the House of Commons who stayed in place after the dissolution of the Long Parliament | |||
** Third Civil War ends in 1651 when Charles II was exiled | ** Third Civil War ends in 1651 when Charles II was exiled | ||
=== '''The Commonwealth''' === | === '''The Commonwealth & Charles Cromwell''' === | ||
* 1649-1653 Commonwealth | |||
* Charles I refused to cooperate with Parliament and no settlement could be found | |||
* his execution | |||
** upon execution of Charles I by order of the Parliament, the "Commonwealth of England" was declared in the form of a republic | |||
*** the "Rump Parliament" took on legislative and executive powers | |||
**** a "Council of State" was set for executive functions | |||
**** House of Lords was abolished | |||
* 1649-1653 Oliver Cromwell & the Commonwealth of England (Protestant rule) | * 1649-1653 Oliver Cromwell & the Commonwealth of England (Protestant rule) | ||
** Cromwell was both a member of Parliament and a leader of the parliamentarian army | ** Cromwell was both a member of Parliament and a leader of the parliamentarian army | ||
*** called the New Model Army, it was the first "professional army" (paid, full-time soldiers) and it wielded political power over Parliament | *** called the New Model Army, it was the first "professional army" (paid, full-time soldiers) and it wielded political power over Parliament | ||
* | |||
* Cromwell was a fervent Puritan | * Cromwell was a fervent Puritan | ||
** believed he was acting on God's providence | ** believed he was acting on God's providence | ||
** believed that | |||
* religious environment | |||
** requirement to attend Anglican mass was ended | |||
** Catholics were persecuted, especially in Ireland | |||
* the Commonwealth was marked by political dissention | * the Commonwealth was marked by political dissention | ||
* only Cromwell held it together, falling apart a year after his death in 1658 and his son's unsuccessful rule | * only Cromwell held it together, falling apart a year after his death in 1658 and his son's unsuccessful rule | ||