US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions
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* 1534 Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church & create Church of England ("Anglican church") | * 1534 Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church & create Church of England ("Anglican church") | ||
** the break ensures English-Spanish/French competition / wars | ** the break ensures English-Spanish/French competition / wars | ||
* Non-conformists = do not "conform" to the central, state-run Church of England (also known as "Anglican Church") | |||
* Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious dissenters known generally as "'''Separatists'''" and "'''Puritans'''" and their offshoots, including | * Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious dissenters known generally as "'''Separatists'''" and "'''Puritans'''" and their offshoots, including | ||
** Anabaptists (opposed infant baptism; included Amish and Mennonite movements) | |||
** Brownists | ** Brownists | ||
*** followers of Robert Browne in 1550s who were among the first separatists who opposed the Church of England | *** followers of Robert Browne in 1550s who were among the first separatists who opposed the Church of England | ||
*** most of the pilgrims on the 1620 Mayflower were Brownists | *** most of the pilgrims on the 1620 Mayflower were Brownists | ||
** Quakers (who would settle in Pennsylvania) | ** Quakers (who would settle in Pennsylvania) | ||
** Congregationalists (believe in autonomous, self-run "congregations") | |||
** Levelers -- arose during the English Civil War: | ** Levelers -- arose during the English Civil War: | ||
*** believed in popular sovereignty and religious tolerance | *** believed in popular sovereignty and religious tolerance | ||
*** behaved like populists with speeches, pamphlets, rallies, etc. | *** behaved like populists with speeches, pamphlets, rallies, etc. | ||
* in 1553, the adamantly Catholic Mary Tudor was crowned ruling Queen of England | * in 1553, the adamantly Catholic Mary Tudor was crowned ruling Queen of England | ||
** Mary attempted to reverse the English Reformation, including to return property that was seized by Henry VIII to the Catholic Church. | ** Mary attempted to reverse the English Reformation, including to return property that was seized by Henry VIII to the Catholic Church. | ||
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** Third Civil War ends in 1651 when Charles II was exiled | ** Third Civil War ends in 1651 when Charles II was exiled | ||
=== '''The Commonwealth''' === | |||
* 1649-1653 Oliver Cromwell & the Commonwealth of England (Protestant rule) | |||
** the Commonwealth was marked by political dissention | ** Cromwell was both a member of Parliament and a leader of the parliamentarian army | ||
*** called the New Model Army, it was the first "professional army" (paid, full-time soldiers) and it wielded political power over Parliament | |||
* Cromwell was a fervent Puritan | |||
** believed he was acting on God's providence | |||
* the Commonwealth was marked by political dissention | |||
* only Cromwell held it together, falling apart a year after his death in 1658 and his son's unsuccessful rule | |||
* "Restoration" of Charles II in 1660 after Cromwell died and his son was unable to maintain rule | * "Restoration" of Charles II in 1660 after Cromwell died and his son was unable to maintain rule | ||
=== English Reformation === | |||
=== Significance of English Civil War === | === Significance of English Civil War === | ||