US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions

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* Iroquois League, 1450-1660<br><br>
* 1450-1660 Iroquois League<br><br>
* 1680s Wabanaki Confederacy
* 1680s Wabanaki Confederacy
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=== pre-Columbian Native American tribal alliances ===
=== pre-Columbian Native American tribal alliances ===
* Iroquois League or Confederacy: union of “Five Nations” of Iroquois-speaking tribes
* Iroquois League or Confederacy
 
=== post-Columbian exchange ===
=== post-Columbian exchange ===
* trade
* trade, especially fur trade
* technological and economic exchange changed intra-tribal power dynamics, including:
* technological and economic exchange changed intra-tribal power dynamics, including:
* iron tools and weapons, guns, horses
* iron tools and weapons, guns, horses
** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
=== tribal leverage of colonial contacts for expansion ===
* tribal leverage of colonial contacts for competition & expansion
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'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
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* Northeastern Native American tribal alliances  
* Northeastern Native American tribal alliances  
** '''Iroquois''' tribes
** '''Iroquois''' tribes
*** located west and south of the St. Lawrence River
*** generally aligned with the British
*** generally aligned with the British
** '''Algonquin''' tribes
** '''Algonquin''' tribes
[[File:Algonquian langs.png|thumb|Pre-contact distribution of Algonquian languages]]
*** generally aligned with the French
*** generally aligned with the French
*** located east and north of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes
'''DETAILS'''
'''DETAILS'''
* '''Iroquois League''', established c. 1450 (prior to Columbus), lasted to 1660  
* '''Iroquois League''', established c. 1450 (prior to Columbus), lasted to 1660  
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** ''Iroquois'' = French name given to the tribes
** ''Iroquois'' = French name given to the tribes
** to the Iroquois, their name was "Haudenosaunee" for "People of the Longhouse"
** to the Iroquois, their name was "Haudenosaunee" for "People of the Longhouse"
** known to the English as “'''Five Nations'''”
** the League was known to the English as '''Five Nations'''
*** later Six Nations after Tuscarora joined in 1722)
*** later Six Nations after Tuscarora joined in 1722)
** NOTE: “nation” or “clans” = better descriptor than “tribes” but collections of tribes who share certain commonalities, viz location, language, leadership, conquest, adoption
** NOTE: “nation” or “clans” = better descriptor than “tribes” but collections of tribes who share certain commonalities, viz location, language, leadership, conquest, adoption
** the League negotiated w/ English, maintained independence
** the League negotiated w/ English, maintained independence
** opposed to the Algonquian, which were aligned w/ French, but some Iroquois settled in French held territory and aligned w/ them
** opposed to the Algonquian, which were aligned w/ French, but some Iroquois settled in French held territory and aligned w/ them
* Wabanaki Confederacy, 1680s
*** was also opposed to the Iroquois-speaking '''Huron''' tribes
** '''Acadia''' (New France province in modern Maine) alliance
** to control the Beaver trade, the Iroquois League sought:
*** to control the St. Lawrence River system & lower Great Lakes
*** to control the Ohio Valley
* '''Wabanaki Confederacy''', 1680s
** alliance of four main and ten other Algonquian tribes in '''Acadia'''  
*** Acadia =New France province in modern Maine
** organized to oppose New England encroachment on lands above settled boundary on the Kennebec River in modern Maine
** organized to oppose New England encroachment on lands above settled boundary on the Kennebec River in modern Maine
** alliance of 14 tribes from across Acadia
** '''Wabanaki'' means " "People of the Dawn" or "Easterner"
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