AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:De Las Casas|Spanish priest Bartolomé de las Casas wrote in 1542 "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" documenting Spanish abuse of Native Americans}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:De Las Casas|Spanish priest Bartolomé de las Casas wrote in 1542 "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" documenting Spanish abuse of Native Americans}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:encomienda|from ''encomendar'' for to "entrust", a land and labor grant as reward to ''conquistadores'' for conquests on behalf of Spain; the ''encomenderos'' thus claimed large lands and plantations using enslaved native labor; the ''encomienda'' system incentivized Spanish conquest and expansion across the world; the system was outlawed in 1542 when Natives were granted limited Spanish citizenship (i.e., "subjects" of the Spanish king); it was replaced by the ''repartiamento'' system}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:encomienda|from ''encomendar'' for to "entrust", a land and labor grant as reward to ''conquistadores'' for conquests on behalf of Spain; the ''encomenderos'' thus claimed large lands and plantations using enslaved native labor; the ''encomienda'' system incentivized Spanish conquest and expansion across the world; the system was outlawed in 1542 when Natives were granted limited Spanish citizenship (i.e., "subjects" of the Spanish king); it was replaced by the ''repartiamento'' system}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:New Laws of 1542|replaced the Laws of Burgos of 1512 that were supposed to protect the rights of the native peoples; the New Laws ended the ''encomienda'' system by outlawing hereditary control; the New Laws met great and at times violent protest by the ''encomederos''; the New Laws marked more direct control of the colonies by Spanish King Charles I (who was also Holy Roman | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Florida (or Spanish Florida)|After the French-Indian War (1763), Spain traded Florida for Louisiana Territories west of the Mississippi (Britain returned Havana Cuba and Manilla, Philippines, which it had seized during the Seven Years War); Britain ceded Florida back to Spain after the American Revolution; significant numbers of Americans moved into the western Florida panhandle, which the U.S. annexed in 1910 following declaration by those settlers of the "Free and Independent Republic of West Florida. After the 1817/18 First Seminole War (led by Andrew Jackson), the US took control of most of Florida, and Spain ceded the entire territory in the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty in exchange for an indemnity of $5 milllion in American claims against Spain. Upon independence, Mexico refused to recognize the Treaty, but it was mostly upheld in the 1828 "Treaty of Limits" between the US and Mexico}}<ul><li> | ||
{{#tip-text:New Laws of 1542|replaced the Laws of Burgos of 1512 that were supposed to protect the rights of the native peoples; the New Laws ended the ''encomienda'' system by outlawing hereditary control; the New Laws met great and at times violent protest by the ''encomederos''; the New Laws marked more direct control of the colonies by Spanish King Charles I (who was also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V); the intervention by Charles may be usefully compared to that of various English monarchs}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Pueblo Revolt|1680 rebellion by the Pueblo (in modern New Mexico/ AZ), and led by Papé, for maltreatment by the Spanish, who had outlawed their religious practices, forced labor, resource extraction (maize and textiles); }}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Pueblo Revolt|1680 rebellion by the Pueblo (in modern New Mexico/ AZ), and led by Papé, for maltreatment by the Spanish, who had outlawed their religious practices, forced labor, resource extraction (maize and textiles); }}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:repartimiento|from ''reparto'' for "distribution", the Spanish system implemented in 1542 of regulated and forced labor that replaced direct slavery of Native Americans}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:repartimiento|from ''reparto'' for "distribution", the Spanish system implemented in 1542 of regulated and forced labor that replaced direct slavery of Native Americans}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Sepúlveda|Spanish philosopher Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda who in 1550/51 debated in writing De las Casas over legitimacy of Spanish colonization and treatment of Native Americans; Sepúlveda argued the superior Spanish culture justified the conquest of "savage" natives and forced conversion to Christianity; his views were shared by later Americans who justified westward expansion and maltreatment of Native tribes)}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Saint Augustine|started 1565, Spanish colonial settlement along the northeastern coast of Florida; in 1693 Spanish King Charles II issued a Royal Decree providing freedom for runaway slaves who converted to Catholicism, and the region served as a sanctuary for escaped slaves from the Carolinas,<ul><li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Spanish social heirarchies (terms)|''peninsulares'' = born in Spain; ''criolles'' = born in New World of Spanish descent; ''mestizos'' = mixed Spanish and Native American parentage}}</ul></li> | {{#tip-text:Sepúlveda|Spanish philosopher Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda who in 1550/51 debated in writing De las Casas over legitimacy of Spanish colonization and treatment of Native Americans; Sepúlveda argued the superior Spanish culture justified the conquest of "savage" natives and forced conversion to Christianity; his views were shared by later Americans who justified westward expansion and maltreatment of Native tribes)}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Spanish social heirarchies (terms)|''peninsulares'' = born in Spain; ''criolles'' = born in New World of Spanish descent; ''mestizos'' = mixed Spanish and Native American parentage; mulattos = African parentage mixed with other races/ethnicities}}</ul></li> | |||
=== Dutch and French colonialism === | === Dutch and French colonialism === | ||
Revision as of 18:35, 1 May 2024
US History and AP US History Running Vocabulary List: Terms, Concepts, Names and Events
File to do:
- add dates and definitions to terms
- use <ul><li>{{#tip-text:term|explanation}}</ul></li>
- create Wars timeline
General terms to know for US History[edit | edit source]
- abolitionism
- aristocratic
- blue collar v. white collar
- cession
- chain migration
- class warfare
- ''de facto'' v. ''de jure''
- delegate (as noun and verb)
- direct tax
- disenfranchised
- dissent
- domestic
- duties
- emancipation
- embargo
- equity
- excise tax
- federal
- franchise
- hegemony/hegomonic
- imperialism
- indemnity
- infringe / infringement
- intolerance
- laissez-faire
- mercantilism
- nativism
- nullify / nullification
- Old World v. New World
- political
- political expediency
- popular sovereignty
- precedent
- prohibition
- "Republican motherhood"
- state
- states rights
- segregation
- socialism
- socialism
- suffrage
- tariff
- temperance movement
- unalienable
- unintended consequence
- United States
- western expansion
Colonial Periods[edit | edit source]
Pre-Columbian[edit | edit source]
- Algonquian
- Hopewell tradition
- indigenous
- Iroquois
- Mississippian period/ culture
- reciprocal relations
- Woodland Period
Age of Exploration[edit | edit source]
- caravel
- Henry Hudson
- conquistador
- St. Lawrence River
Spanish colonialism[edit | edit source]
- asiento
- De Las Casas
- encomienda
- Florida (or Spanish Florida)
- New Laws of 1542
- Pueblo Revolt
- repartimiento
- {{#tip-text:Saint Augustine|started 1565, Spanish colonial settlement along the northeastern coast of Florida; in 1693 Spanish King Charles II issued a Royal Decree providing freedom for runaway slaves who converted to Catholicism, and the region served as a sanctuary for escaped slaves from the Carolinas,
- Sepúlveda
- Spanish social heirarchies (terms)
- Beaver War
- ''couriers de bois''
- New Amsterdam
- New France
- Middle Passage
- Olaudah Equiano
- seasoning camps
- triangle trade
Dutch and French colonialism[edit | edit source]
African Slave trade[edit | edit source]
English colonial period[edit | edit source]
Note that Britain held colonial possessions in the Caribbean region, as well as the thirteen colonies; following small wars and the worldwide French-Indian War (Seven Years War), Britain sequentially took France's Canadian possessions as well as its landholdings between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Levels of British control of the colonies rose and fell according to domestic British politics and its international priorities. The American Revolution was largely the result of the excercise of direct control of colonial affairs that followed the French-Indian War.
- Appalachian Mountains
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- Lord Baltimore
- term
- term
Colonial political, economic and social characteristics[edit | edit source]
Maryland| proprietary colony Massachussets Bay Colony Pennsylvania Virginia colonies
- headright system
- House of Burgesses
- indentured servitude
- Jamestown
- John Rolfe
- John Smith
- Jonathan Edwards
- King Philip’s War
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- miration push/ pull factors
- Native American-European interactions, including disease, treatment of
- Navigation Acts
- New England town meetings
- Pequot War
- Puritan
- Queen Anne's War
- salutary neglect
- the Great Awakening
- types of colonies: proprietary, royal, corporate
- William Penn
American Revolution[edit | edit source]
- ABC Boards
- Admiralty Court
- Albany Conference
- Boston Massacre
- Boston Tea Party
- Common Sense
- Declaration of Independence
- Enlightenment philosophers
- First Continental Congress
- Fort Duquesne
- Gadsden flag
- French and Indian War
- John Locke
- Lexington/Concord
- Loyalist
- Montesquieu
- natural rights
- Navigation Acts
- Patrior
- Proclamation of 1763
- Saratoga
- social contract theory
- Sons of Liberty
- Stamp Act
- Stamp Act Congress
- Sugar Act
- Thomas Paine
- Townsend Acts
- Treaty of Paris of 1783
- Valley Forge
- Yorktown
- Continental Congress/es
Early Republic[edit | edit source]
Articles of Confederation Period[edit | edit source]
- Articles of Confederation
- Shay’s Rebellion
- confederation
- sovereignty
- supermajority
- unicameral
U.S. Constitution[edit | edit source]
- 3/5ths Compromise
- amendment process
- anti-Federalists
- bicameral
- Bill of Rights
- checks and balances
- Connecticut Compromise
- Constitution
- elastic clause
- electoral college
- Federalists
- Federalism
- Federalist no. 10
- Federalist no. 51
- Federalist Papers
- Federalists
- George Washington
- Great Compromise
- impeachment
- James Madison
- New Jersey Plan
- Northwest Ordinance
- preamble
- preamble to the Constitution
- ratification
- separation of powers
- strict vs. loose interpretation
- unwritten Constitution
- Virginia Plan
Early Republic[edit | edit source]
- 12th Amendment
- American System
- Cabinet
- Democratic-Republicans
- election of 1800
- Era of Good Feelings
- Federalists
- George Washington
- Hamilton
- impressment
- Jefferson
- John Marshall
- Louisiana Purchase
- Marbury v. Madison
- McColluch v. Maryland
- Monroe Doctrine
- Mossouri Compromise
- National Bank
- nullification
- political parties
- Republican motherhood
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
- War of 1812
- Whiskey Rebellion
Antebellum period[edit | edit source]
Jacksonian period[edit | edit source]
- John Quincy Adams
- Bank War
- Corrupt Bargain
- Force Bill
- Henry Clay
- Jacksonian democracy
- Indian Removal Act
- Nullification Crisis
- Petticoat affair
- Postal Service
- Panic of 1837
- Second Party System
- spoils system
- Tariff of 1833
- Trail of Tears
- Daniel Webster
- Worcester v. Georgia
Antebellum[edit | edit source]
Social reform[edit | edit source]
- cult of domesticity
- Declaration of Sentiments
- emancipation
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Second Great Awakening
- Seneca Falls Convention
- suffrage
- transcendentalism
- Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Antebellum[edit | edit source]
- Compromise of 1850
- Dred Scott decision
- Gadsden Purchase
- Gold Rush of 1849
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- manifest destiny
- Mexican American War
- popular sovereignty
- sectionalism
- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Latter 19th Century[edit | edit source]
Civil War[edit | edit source]
- 1860 Election
- Anaconda Plan
- Appomattox
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Ft. Sumter
- Gettysburg
- Gettysburg Address
- Lincoln’s pre-war stance on slavery
- Sherman’s March
- U.S. Grant
Reconstruction[edit | edit source]
- 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
- black codes
- Compromise of 1877
- 40 acres and a mule
- Freedman’s Bureau
- grandfather clause
- homestead
- Jim Crow laws
- land grant
- literacy tests
- Morill Land-Grant Act (1862)
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- poll taxes
- Radical Republicans
- Reconstruction Act of 1867
- Reconstruction programs:
- Lincoln's plan
- Johnson's program
- Congressional program
Post-Reconstruction[edit | edit source]
Economic & Political[edit | edit source]
- Andrew Carnegie
- Battle of Wounded Knee
- bimetallism
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- Dawes Act /assimilation
- Gentlemen’s Agreement
- Great Migration
- Homestead Act of 1862
- laissez-faire capitalism
- melting pot
- monopoly
- nativism
- Nelson Rockefeller
- political bosses
- political machine
- Populist Party
- robber barons
- Sand Creek Massacre
- Sherman Anti-trust Act
- social Darwinism
- Standard Oil
- transcontinental railroad
- U.S. Steel
Imperialism[edit | edit source]
- Battle of Manila
- “Big Stick Policy”
- Cuba
- de Lôme Letter,
- imperialism
- William McKinley
- Open Door Policy
- Panama Canal
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Spanish-American War
- yellow journalism
- USS Maine
First half 20th Century[edit | edit source]
Labor[edit | edit source]
- American Federation of Labor (AFL)
- Samuel Gompers
Progressive Era[edit | edit source]
- "Square Deal”
- 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
- Bull Moose Party
- Elkins Act (1903)
- Eugene V. Debs
- Direct democracy
- Federal Reserve Act (1913)
- Gifford Pinchot
- Hepburn Act
- initiative
- Jacob Riis
- Jane Addams
- Meat Inspection Act
- muckrakers
- New Freedom
- New Nationalism
- Newlands Act of 1902
- Progressive Party
- Progressives / progressivism
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- recall
- referendum
- Rule of Reason
- Settlement houses
- socialism
- Square Deal
- Upton Sinclair
- Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt
- "Three Cs": Conservation, Corporate law, Consumer protections
- William Howard Taft
World War I era[edit | edit source]
WWI[edit | edit source]
- Bolsheviks
- Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917)
- "He kept us out of the war" (1916)
- Jones Act (1916)
- Liberty Loans
- Lusitania sinking (1915)
- Pancho Villa (1914)
- Russian Revolution
- Sussex Pledge (1916)
- U-Boats
- War bonds
- War Industries Board
- Zimmerman Note
Post-WWI[edit | edit source]
- Collective Security
- Depression of 1920-1921
- Fourteen Points
- League of Nations
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee
- Treaty of Versailles
post-WWI & 1920s[edit | edit source]
- "America First"
- Black Tuesday
- Court-packing scheme
- deficit spending
- Dust Bowl
- Harlem Renaissance
- Hoover
- Immigration Act of 1924
- League of Nations
- Lusitania/Zimmerman Note
- National Origins Act
- New Deal
- Palmer Raids
- Proclamation of Neutrality
- prohibition
- pump-priming
- Red Scare
- Return to ‘normalcy’
- Roarding Twenties
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- Scopes Trial
- Teapot Dome Scandal
- Wilsonianism
1920s[edit | edit source]
- automobiles
- consumerism
- credit
- Bathtub gin
- Harlem Renaissance
- Jazz Age
- Klu Klux Klan
- Margin buying
- radio
- refrigerators
- Scopes "Monkey" Trial
Great Depression[edit | edit source]
- Black Monday
- Black Thursday
- Hawley-Smoot Tariff
- Hoovervilles
FDR & New Deal[edit | edit source]
- Social Security
- Supreme Court
Roosevelt Administrations[edit | edit source]
- Brain Trust
- Harry Hopkins
- Francis Perkins
Pre-WWII[edit | edit source]
- isolationism
- "war footing"
Pre-WWII appeasement/ preparation[edit | edit source]
- A Philip Randolph
- America First Committee
- “cash and carry”/Lend-Lease Act
- isolationisms
- Lindburgh
- Maginot Line
- Munich Agreement
- "Peace for our time"
- Sudetenland
WWII[edit | edit source]
- "arsenal of democracy"
- D-Day
- Eastern Front
- Hiroshima, Nagasaki
- Homefront
- Island Hopping
- Japanese Internment Camps
- Korematsu v. U.S.
- Manhattan Project
- mechanized warfare
- Nuremburg Trials
- Poland invasion
- Potsdam Conference
- propaganda
- rationing
- recycling
- Rosie the Rivitor
- Sudatenland invasion
- Tehran Conference
- Truman’s decision
- U.S. Neutrality Acts
- United Nations
- "Victory Gardens"
- war bonds
- Yalta Conference
Latter half 20th Century[edit | edit source]
Early Cold War Foreign Affairs[edit | edit source]
- Berlin crisis / Berlin airlift
- Bretton Woods Conference
- capitalism
- Chiang Kai-shek
- China, loss of
- communism
- containment policy
- George F. Kennan
- Greek Civil War
- ideology/ ideological
- Iron Curtain / Iron Curtain speech
- Israel/ Palestine
- Long Telegram / Article “X”
- Mao Zedong
- Marshall Plan
- NATO
- NATO/Warsaw Pact
- NSC-68
- proxy war
- SEATO
- sphere/s of influence
- Suez Canal Crisis
- Truman Doctrine
- Turkey
- United Nations
- UK sterling crisis
- Warsaw Pact
Atomic age[edit | edit source]
- atmospheric testing
- atomic testing
- bombers
- A-bomb
- German scientists
- H-bomb
- brinkmanship
- ICBM
- Nike missile system
- MAD/ mutually-assured destruction
- anti-ballistic missile
- nuclear shield
Korean War[edit | edit source]
- Truman v. Gen. MacArthur
- Chinese Revolution
Cold War diplomacy[edit | edit source]
- East, the
- hegemony / hegemonic power
- nation-building
- Palestine partition
- Security Council
- Third World
- unaligned nations
- United Nations
- West, The
Eisenhower period[edit | edit source]
- containment
- containment in Asia
- containment in Europe
- containment in Latin America
- containment in the Middle East
- Cuba
- Domino Theory
- Dwight Eisenhower
- Eisenhower Doctrine
- HUAC Committee
- Joseph McCarthy
- Marshall Plan
- McCarthyism
- "military industrial complex"
- Suez crisis
Domestic US Cold War[edit | edit source]
- Executive Order 9835
- Second Red Scare
- McCarthyism
- HUAC
- Hollywood 10
- McCarren Act
- Rosenbergs
- Alger Hiss
- Space Race
Kennedy[edit | edit source]
- Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Berlin Wall
- CIA
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Domino Theory
- Bay of Pigs
- Hot-Line
- Robert F. Kennedy
- Limited Test Ban Treaty
- quarantine v. blockade
- Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
- Peace Corps
Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- French involvement, 1954-1955
- US involvement, 1959-1973
Eisenhower period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- Dien Bien Phu
Kennedy period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- JFK
- Robert McNamara
- "Whiz Kids"
- “flexible response”
- advisors
- Camelot
- assassination
Johnson period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident
- Tet Offensive
- Walter Cronkite
- U.S. Public support of the War
- Vietnamization
- War Powers Acts
- Gulf of Tonkin
- Attrition
- Hearts and Minds
- Rolling Thunder
- My Lai Massacre
- Escalation
Nixon period of Vietnam War[edit | edit source]
- Operation Linebacker II
- Christmas bombings
- "silent majority”
- Paris Peace Accords
- Bombing of Laos and Cambodia
- Paris Peace Accords
- opening of China
- Kissinger
- Pentagon Papers
- White House protests
Vietnam War protest movements[edit | edit source]
- draft, the
- hippies
- Kent State
- Jackson State
post-Nixon[edit | edit source]
- Fall of Saigon
- Cambodian genocide
post-WWII Domestic U.S[edit | edit source]
- baby boom
- "Fair Deal" (1945-49)
- suburbia
- conformity
- Interstate Highway Act
Civil Rights[edit | edit source]
- “Little Rock Nine”
- Brown v. Board of Education
- civil disobedience
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Executive Order 9981
- Jackie Robinson
- Malcolm X
- March on Washington
- Martin Luther King, Jr.
- Montgomery bus boycott
- nonviolence
- Voting Rights Act of 1965
Other Civil Rights and Political Movements[edit | edit source]
- Silent Spring
- Michael Harrington
- Roe v. Wade
- women’s liberation movement (NOW)
- Cesar Chavez
- Grapes Boycott
- Chicano Movement
- American Indian Movement (AIM)
- Wounded Knee Incident
Johnson[edit | edit source]
- Great Society
- War on Poverty
1970s: Nixon, Ford & Carter[edit | edit source]
- Watergate
- pardoning of Nixon
- stagflation
- Afghanistan
- Olympic boycott
- Iranian hostage crisis
- OPEC
- oil embargo
- Camp David Accords
Reagan era[edit | edit source]
- Iran-Contra Affair
- John Stockton
- Landslide
- Star Wars
- "Reagan Revolution”
- Reaganomics
- Supply-side economics
End of the Cold War[edit | edit source]
- George HW Bush
- Military spending cuts
- Gulf War
- Bill Clinton
- Peace Dividend
- NAFTA
- service sector economy
- New Immigration
- Haiti
- Yugoslavia and Bosnia
- Rwanda
21st Century[edit | edit source]
War on Terror[edit | edit source]
- September 11th
- Al Queda
- Afghanistan War
- Iraq
- Patriot Act
Obama Administration[edit | edit source]
- Great Recession
- ISIS
- Affordable Care Act
- Obama Care
- DREAM Act