Domestication of plants and animals: Difference between revisions
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== Domestication origins timeline == | == Domestication origins timeline == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Domestication of | |+Domestication of Animals Timeline | ||
!20,000 BC | !20,000 BC | ||
!10,000 BC | !10,000 BC | ||
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!1500 AD | !1500 AD | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''dogs | |'''dogs''' domestication dates uncertain, perhaps between 25,000 and 12,000 BC | ||
|'''cattle, goats, pigs, sheep''' domesticated in the Fertile Cresent (Mideast) | |'''cattle, goats, pigs, sheep''' domesticated in the Fertile Cresent (Mideast) | ||
|'''pigs''' domesticated in Southeast Asia approx. 6,000 BC | |'''pigs''' domesticated in Southeast Asia approx. 6,000 BC | ||
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|'''camels''' used in trans-Saharan trade by 600'/700s AD | |'''camels''' used in trans-Saharan trade by 600'/700s AD | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spread of animals from Eurasia and Africa to the Americas | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|'''cattle''' | |'''cattle''' | ||
domesticated in South Asia (in modern Pakistan) approx. 8,000 BC | domesticated in South Asia (in modern Pakistan) approx. 8,000 BC | ||
|'''horses'''first domesticated for milk approx. 4,000 BC | |'''horses''' first domesticated for milk approx. 4,000 BC; likely used for transportation approx. 3,500-3000 BC in central Asia | ||
|'''donkey''' domesticated in East Africa approx. 3,000-4,000 BC (were used Egypt by 2600-2800 BC and in the Middle East by 1800 BC) | |'''donkey''' domesticated in East Africa approx. 3,000-4,000 BC (were used Egypt by 2600-2800 BC and in the Middle East by 1800 BC) | ||
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|'''camels''' domesticated in Central Asia approx. 2500 BC (and in Middle East approx. 900 BC) | |'''camels''' domesticated in Central Asia approx. 2500 BC (and in Middle East approx. 900 BC) | ||
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Revision as of 19:50, 1 June 2023
Domestication of plants and animals
Article purpose:
- domestication of plants and animals as transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic
- sedentary lifestyle as preceding and not necessarily the result of that transition from paleolithic to neolithic
- domestication across time and space, including
- dogs
- horses
- grasses
- tubers (enlarged, fleshy stem, usually underground of plants such as carrots, potatoes, yams)
todo:
- see Lil J p. 236 on 3 advantages of Fertile Crescent
- break into separate articles for plants and animals
Domestication etymology[edit | edit source]
- "domestication"
- = act of taming, breeding, controlling plants and animals
- from domestic ("or or for the house") + -ation (making of)
- = making something of the house (home)
- from Latin domus for house, household, home
- from PIE *dem- meaning the same
- definitions and uses of the word "domestic"
- domestic (noun)
- a person who works in a house or home, generally for cleaning, cooking, child care
- a locally or nationally made product (not made overseas)
- domestic (adj)
- related to the household
- as in "domestic chores" or "domestic life"
- related, from, or made in a country
- as in "the domestic economy" or "domestic production"
- an animal kept in a house
- related to the household
- domestic (noun)
- domesticated
- past participle adjective
- = "having been tamed"
- generally for animals
- or having been brought into a home or household
Domestication origins timeline[edit | edit source]
20,000 BC | 10,000 BC | 5,000 BC | 2,000 BC | 1 AD | 500 AD | 1,000 AD | 1500 AD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dogs domestication dates uncertain, perhaps between 25,000 and 12,000 BC | cattle, goats, pigs, sheep domesticated in the Fertile Cresent (Mideast) | pigs domesticated in Southeast Asia approx. 6,000 BC | chickens domesticated in East Asia approx. 2,000 BC | turkey domesticated in North America approx. 200-500 AD | camels used in trans-Saharan trade by 600'/700s AD | spread of animals from Eurasia and Africa to the Americas | |
cattle
domesticated in South Asia (in modern Pakistan) approx. 8,000 BC |
horses first domesticated for milk approx. 4,000 BC; likely used for transportation approx. 3,500-3000 BC in central Asia | donkey domesticated in East Africa approx. 3,000-4,000 BC (were used Egypt by 2600-2800 BC and in the Middle East by 1800 BC) | |||||
cats may have been domesticated in Egypt approx. 3,000 BC | turkey domesticated in Mesoamerica approx. 1,000 BC | ||||||
camels domesticated in Central Asia approx. 2500 BC (and in Middle East approx. 900 BC) |
Domestication of animals[edit | edit source]
- domestication of animals is distinct (different) from taming
- taming = conditioning or changing the behavior of a wild animal to accept human presence
- taming does not involve genetic modification via breeding
- an animal is "domesticated" when traits are "selected for" by humans through breeding
domesticated animal traits[edit | edit source]
- imprinting
Camel[edit | edit source]
- originated in North America 40-50 million years ago, and spread to Asia
- wild camels were killed off in the Americas by humans during early arrival periods to North America (Native Americans)
- domesticated in central Asia approx. 2,500 BC
- were in use in Middle East by 900 BC
- introduced to Africa approx. 300 AD
- Camels were used extensively for trans-Saharan trade by 600-700s AD
- and were essential for spread of Islam
Dog[edit | edit source]
Horse[edit | edit source]
- particularly useful in the Central Eurasian "Steppes"
- high, flat, grassy lands
- wild horses have unique ability to break through snow and ice in order to find grasses to eat
- due to the unique bend of horse front legs, horses can "kick"
- horse milk was a primary source for Vitamin C for steppe nomads
Llama[edit | edit source]
- domesticated in Western South America
- thought to have been an essential element in spread of agriculture in western South America for its dung which was used as fertilizer
- used extensively by the Inca for food, milk, fiber (fur) and transport