World History empires name meanings study guide: Difference between revisions

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Goal of this article is to help students identify context and historical recollection via definitions of historical names and terms
Goal of this article is to help students identify context and historical recollection via definitions of historical names and terms


* for example, to remember information about the Qing Dynasty, a student would have to memorize the dates and events.
* along with memorizing names, places (map literacy) and dates  
* however, knowing the meaning of "Qing" and "Dynasty" greatly enhances that recollection
* historical knowledge and test-day recollection can be enhanced through etymology, or word origins of key historical places, empires or dynasties
** Dynasty = a series of related rulers, generally passed down generationally
*** thus the Qing represented a new power
** "Qing" = the Chinese characters for "water" and "blue"
***
*** opposed to the "Ming"
**** the Chinese characters of which represented the sun and the moon
** the idea being that the new rulers who started the Qing Dynasty chose


== Chinese Empires/ Dynasties ==
== China empires/ dynasties ==
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!Notes
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|Notes on names of Chinese empires
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|Dynastic name have several origins:
|Chinese dynasties follow four general categories of name origins:


* geographic origins (Qin, Han dynasties)
* geographic origins (Qin, Han dynasties)
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* as used by Kublai Khan, mean "origin" or "center" of the universe
* as used by Kublai Khan, mean "origin" or "center" of the universe
* "Great Yuan" named by the empire's founder, Kublai Khan, likely in order to inlude his rule within Chinese dynastic history as well as to claim the Mandate of Heaven  
* "Great Yuan" named by the empire's founder, Kublai Khan, likely in order to inlude his rule within Chinese dynastic history as well as to claim the Mandate of Heaven
|1271–1368
|1271–1368
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* established by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan
* established by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan
* 1st non-Han dynasty to rule China
* 1st non-Han dynasty to rule China
* Yuan emperors spoke Chinese but kept use of Mongolian  
* Yuan emperors spoke Chinese but kept use of Mongolian
* Kublai Khan's 1st capital was called "City of the Khans," but was changed in Han Chinese to "Great Capital"
* Kublai Khan's 1st capital was called "City of the Khans," but was changed in Han Chinese to "Great Capital"
* he used the name changes to claim Chinese legitimacy
* he used the name changes to claim Chinese legitimacy
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* the 1st Qing emperor renamed "the Great Jin" empire ("Jin" signifies "metal and fire") to "Great Qing"
* the 1st Qing emperor renamed "the Great Jin" empire ("Jin" signifies "metal and fire") to "Great Qing"
** Jin was understood to represent the fiery tempers of the Manchu royalty
** Jin was understood to represent the fiery tempers of the Manchu royalty
** Qing for "transparent" and "water" indicated an end to feuds in the royal family  
** Qing for "transparent" and "water" indicated an end to feuds in the royal family
|1644–1911
|1644–1911
|Manchuria, China
|Manchuria, China
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== Eurasian empires ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name definition
!Dates
!Region
!Notes
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== Europe monarchies/ empires ==
{|
!Name
!Name definition
!Dates
!Region
!Notes
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!House of Hapsburg
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* from
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== India empires ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name definition
!Dates
!Region
!Notes
|-
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== Middleastern empires ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Name definition
!Dates
!Region
!Notes
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!Ottoman Empire
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[[Category:World History]]
[[Category:World History]]
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:Social Studies skills]]
[[Category:Social Studies skills]]

Revision as of 20:13, 3 January 2023

Goal of this article is to help students identify context and historical recollection via definitions of historical names and terms

  • along with memorizing names, places (map literacy) and dates
  • historical knowledge and test-day recollection can be enhanced through etymology, or word origins of key historical places, empires or dynasties

China empires/ dynasties[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes
Chinese dynasties follow four general categories of name origins:
  • geographic origins (Qin, Han dynasties)
  • capital cities (Sui and Tang dynasties)
  • material properties (Liao (iron), Tang (jade) dynasties
  • word meanings (Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties; see below

Yuan Dynasty[edit | edit source]

  • as used by Kublai Khan, mean "origin" or "center" of the universe
  • "Great Yuan" named by the empire's founder, Kublai Khan, likely in order to inlude his rule within Chinese dynastic history as well as to claim the Mandate of Heaven
1271–1368
  • established by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan
  • 1st non-Han dynasty to rule China
  • Yuan emperors spoke Chinese but kept use of Mongolian
  • Kublai Khan's 1st capital was called "City of the Khans," but was changed in Han Chinese to "Great Capital"
  • he used the name changes to claim Chinese legitimacy
  • Sources:

Ming Dynasty[edit | edit source]

  • Ming is from the Chinese characters for sun and moon; it also means "luminescent"
  • the name was taken by Han Shantong who led early rebellions against the Yuan Dynasty; Han Shantong took on the name "King Ming" for "King of Light"
1368-1644

Qing Dynasty[edit | edit source]

  • Qing means, "blue, aqua, clear, transparent"
  • Qing character contains 3 strokes of the water symbol
  • the 1st Qing emperor renamed "the Great Jin" empire ("Jin" signifies "metal and fire") to "Great Qing"
    • Jin was understood to represent the fiery tempers of the Manchu royalty
    • Qing for "transparent" and "water" indicated an end to feuds in the royal family
1644–1911 Manchuria, China
  • Arose from the "Later Jin Dynasty" from Manchuria (northeast region of China
    • thus is also known as the "Manchu Dynasty
    • "Manchu" = people from Manchuria
  • Jin dynasty ruler Hong Taiji, renamed the "Great Jin" to "Great Qung" in 1636
    • Qing was a Chinese name
  • he renamed the "Jurchen" people to "Manchu"
    • "Manchu" may come from the word for "brave"
    • the renaming reflects his conquest of all of Manchuria
  • key Hong Tajji's rise was adoption of artillery, which the Ming had used to defeat him before
  • he conquered the Ming capital in Beijing in 1644
  • as ruler, he accepted ethnic Han into his military and government, and even married 10000 Manchu women to Han men
  • sources:

Eurasian empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes

Europe monarchies/ empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes
House of Hapsburg
  • from

India empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes

Middleastern empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes
Ottoman Empire