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| See [[Word Parts of Speech & Grammar Rules]] for list of commonly used words, their parts of speech categories, and the rules governing their use | | See [[Word Parts of Speech & Grammar Rules]] for list of commonly used words, their parts of speech categories, and the rules governing their use |
| | See [[Parts of Speech]] for grammar and usage rules on word categories |
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| == Parts of Speech ==
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| === nouns ===
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| * persons, places, things
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| * proper nouns
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| ** nouns as modifiers
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| *** ex. "dog food"
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| *** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)]
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| === verbs ===
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| * express action/s
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| * verb phrases
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| * verb forms
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| ** infinitive
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| ** conjugations
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| ** participles
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| *** verb forms that act like an adjective
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| *** "past participle"
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| **** use the -ed forms
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| **** where the simple past tense of a verb is used to show a condition of something
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| *** examples:
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| **** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" are both adjectives that describe the noun, "water")
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| *** "present participle"
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| **** uses the -ing form
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| *** examples:
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| **** "The boiling water is hot" ("boiling" describes the water)
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| ** gerunds
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| *** verbs that act as nouns
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| *** use the -ing form
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| *** examples
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| **** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming
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| **** "Boiling water sanitizes it" ("boiling" is an act, therefore a noun, from the verb "to boil")
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| *** gerunds are often interchangeable with infinitives
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| **** "I hate doing math" versus "I hate to do math"
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| * See
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| ** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/verbforms Grammar: Verb Forms: "-ing," Infinitives, and Past Participles (Walden Univ)]
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| ** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/verbtensesMost Common Verb Tenses in Academic Writing (Walden Univ)]
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| ** [https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/ing-forms/ The -ing forms (ef.edu Resources for Learning English]
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| ** [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participles.htm Grammar-Monster.com participles]
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| === conjugations ===
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| * see
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| ** [https://www.verbto.com/ Verb conjugations]
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| === adverbs ===
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| === adjectives ===
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| * modify nouns
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| === articles ===
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| * definite
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| ** the
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| ** refers to a specific noun, usually already stated or defined
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| * indefinite
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| * a or an
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| ** refers to a general noun, usually not already stated or defined
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| ** indefinite articles are not used to refer to a general noun or one that cannot be counteed
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| *** ex. "water" cannot be counted, so "a water" is incorrect
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| **** "may I have a water" should be instead "may I have some water"
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| ** zero articles
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| *** when the noun represents a generic idea, the article can be omitted
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| *** ex.
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| **** "They went on vacation" as opposed to "they went on a vacation "
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| * see
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| ** [https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/grammar/using_articles.html Purdue OWN Using Articles}
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| ** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/articles/ What Are Articles?]
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| === pronouns ===
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| * "pro" = for; "noun"
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| * refer to a noun in oder to avoid repetition
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| * pronoun forms
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| ** subject
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| ** object
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| ** possessive
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| ** comparisons
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| ** see [https://www.dummies.com/education/language-arts/grammar/how-to-pick-pronouns-for-comparisons/ How to Pick Pronouns for Comparisons (Dummies)]
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| === prepositions ===
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| * express relationship in time, place, or sequence
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| === interjections ===
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| * aside remarks or interruptions
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| * exclamation
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| ** expresses a spontaneous reaction or emotion
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| *** examples
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| **** "no!"
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| **** "okay"
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| **** "damn!"
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| **** "heh!"
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| == Modifiers == | | == Modifiers == |
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| [[Language Arts]] | | [[Language Arts]] |
| [[Language Arts Skills]] | | [[Language Arts Skills]] |
| | [[Parts of Speech]] |