Pre-Columbian Americas: Difference between revisions
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== pre-pottery Andean civilization == | == pre-pottery Andean civilization == | ||
* west-slope of the Andes | * also called "Archaic period" | ||
* changes in elevation within close proximity | * settlements on the west-slope of the Andes | ||
** provided multiple ecological environments | * advantages of the location: | ||
** variety of | ** changes in elevation within close proximity of the ocean | ||
** access to the ocean | *** provided multiple ecological environments | ||
*** variety of plants (each adapted to the different elevation) | |||
*** access to the ocean, especially for fishing | |||
* population growth along three river valleys | * population growth along three river valleys | ||
** Fortaleza, Pativilca, Caral-Supe rivers | ** Fortaleza, Pativilca, Caral-Supe rivers | ||
Revision as of 15:34, 26 May 2022
EnSESee
pre-pottery Andean civilization[edit | edit source]
- also called "Archaic period"
- settlements on the west-slope of the Andes
- advantages of the location:
- changes in elevation within close proximity of the ocean
- provided multiple ecological environments
- variety of plants (each adapted to the different elevation)
- access to the ocean, especially for fishing
- changes in elevation within close proximity of the ocean
- population growth along three river valleys
- Fortaleza, Pativilca, Caral-Supe rivers
Norte Chico civilization, 3500-1800 BC[edit | edit source]
City of Caral[edit | edit source]
| Period | Stage |
| 2800 BC | early settlement in Picu valley |
| 2600 BC | First constructions |
| 2400 BC | |
| 2200 BC | Enlarged and reconstructed |
| 2000 BC | |
| 1800 BC | city abandoned |
- the oldest city in the Americas is "Caral-Supe" or "Caral" in Peru
- "Caral" is the city
- "Supe" = the valley
- built approx. 3,000 BC
- contemporaneous (same time) with Ancient Egypt
- population was approx, 3,000
- other similar sites suggest overall regional population of up to 20,000
- consists of ceremonial, monumental and administrative buildings/ structures
- city layout shows signs of social classes
- large residential complexes near to ceremonial structures
- small rooms in other areas
- built pyramids
- created the pattern of urban design in the Andes through to the Inca
- shows no signs of warfare of defensive structures
Collapse[edit | edit source]
- earthquakes
- wind-blown sand and sediment from wind shift towards inland from the sea
- disrupted agriculture
- disrupted fisheries
misc notes / to do =[edit | edit source]
- Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Americas per region:
- North America: no smelting
- copper readily available, malleable by hammering
- South America developed smelting
- Mesoamerica metallurgy via South American diffusion
- North America: no smelting
- see: Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America - Wikipedia
- iron readily available
- gold / silver / copper
- gold hammered
- tumbaga: copper-gold alloy
- used for casting
- gems used extensively / jade
- obsidian used for edges/ knives/ cutting
- ability to cut stone
- but not wood
-
- source: The Minerals of Pre-Columbian America | Rock & Gem Magazine (rockngem.com)
-
- Andes region alloy use
- tin used for specific but not general purposes >> "wirework bells"
- tin deposits avail, not exploited
- tin used for specific but not general purposes >> "wirework bells"
- copper smelting in drafted furnaces
- mercury
- platinum developed in Andes region
- copper, gold, silver alloys
- technology adopted by Spanish
- sinnabar
- Andes region alloy use
- wood less useful
- charcoal not developed
- planks not exploited for buildings / ships