Landmark Supreme Court cases: Difference between revisions

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!Related Cases
!Related Cases
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|Baker v. Carr
|'''Baker v. Carr'''
|1961
|1961
|Warren
|Warren
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|<nowiki>- "One person one vote" standard</nowiki>
* "One person one vote" standard
 
* Political Question doctrine
- Political Question doctrine
|equal protection (14th amendment)
|Equal protection
|judicial review
|judicial review
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|Marshall  
|Marshall  
|Judicial supremacy
|Judicial supremacy
| original jurisdiction (Article III, Section 2)
| Original jurisdiction (Article III, Section 2)
|"legal remedy" concept <ref>Marshall invoked (referenced) the ancient Roman legal maxim ''ubi jus, ibi remedium'' for "where there is a legal right, there is a legal remedy"</ref>
|"legal remedy" concept <ref>Marshall invoked (referenced) the ancient Roman legal maxim ''ubi jus, ibi remedium'' for "where there is a legal right, there is a legal remedy"</ref>
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* Hylton v. United States (1796)<ref>In this case the Court upheld a challenge to a law's constitutionality, in that a tax on carriages did not violate the Constitution. ''Marbury'' was not decided on this precedent, however, Chief Justice Roberts cited ''Hylton'' in ''National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius'' (2012)</ref>
* Hylton v. United States (1796)<ref>In this case the Court upheld a challenge to a law's constitutionality, in that a tax on carriages did not violate the Constitution. ''Marbury'' was not decided on this precedent, however, Chief Justice Roberts cited ''Hylton'' in ''National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius'' (2012)</ref>
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|McColluch v. Maryland
|'''McColluch v. Maryland'''
|1819
|1819
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|Marshall
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|implied powers
|Supremacy clause
|Supremacy clause
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|Necessary and proper clause
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|<nowiki>-  Maryland tried to stop the Baltimore branch of the Second National Bank by taxing it</nowiki>
 
- the Court ruled that the National Bank was legitimate and superseded (was over) state law, thus Maryland could not tax it
 
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|'''Brown v. Board of Education'''
|1954
|Warren
|equal protection
|Equal protection
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|<nowiki>- overturned </nowiki>''Plessy v. Furguson''
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Revision as of 23:46, 27 April 2022

** page under construction **

Short list of Landmark Supreme Court cases[edit | edit source]

  • cases as generally recommended for core study for the AP Gov exam
  • review of additional cases will yield greater student comprehension and analysis
Case Date Court Big Ideas/ Court Doctrine Constitutional Issues Constitutional Issues Issues / Background / Description / Opinion Dissent (if relevant) Related Cases
Baker v. Carr 1961 Warren - "One person one vote" standard

- Political Question doctrine

Equal protection judicial review
  • held that the state of Tennessee had ignored a 1901 state law that required redistricting to be adjusted according to census results;
  • the state had not drawn new districts since 1901, resulting in overrepresentation of rural over urban citizens - the court held that challenges to state districting (gerrymandering) issues were not merely "political questions" and thus subject to Court review
  • the Court was split on the case and the case had to be re-argued
 - Justice Brennan argued that redistricting is a political question and should be left up to the states

- Justice Frankfurter held that the decision was "judicial overreach"

  • Reynolds v. Sims (1964)
  • Shaw v. Reno , 1993)
Marbury v. Madison 1803 Marshall Judicial supremacy Original jurisdiction (Article III, Section 2) "legal remedy" concept [1]
  • settled a dispute between outgoing Adams and incoming Jefferson administrations over Adams' "midnight appointments", including one to Marbury
  • ruled that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1793 was illegal under the Constitution, thus establishing "judicial review"
  • created the power of the Courts to invalidate statutory laws based upon their "constitutionality" - Marbury lost his case, as the Court ruled that any legal remedy due to him was from an invalid law
  • Marshall quoted Federalist No. 78 by Hamilton, "... that an act of the legislature, repugnant to the constitution, is void."[2]
 none (unanimous decision)
  • Hylton v. United States (1796)[3]
McColluch v. Maryland 1819 Marshall implied powers Supremacy clause Necessary and proper clause - Maryland tried to stop the Baltimore branch of the Second National Bank by taxing it

- the Court ruled that the National Bank was legitimate and superseded (was over) state law, thus Maryland could not tax it

-

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Warren equal protection Equal protection - overturned Plessy v. Furguson


Full list of Landmark Supreme Court cases[edit | edit source]

Landmark Supreme Court cases: alphabetical[edit | edit source]

Landmark Supreme Court cases: by date & historical era[edit | edit source]

Landmark Supreme Court cases: by topic[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Marshall invoked (referenced) the ancient Roman legal maxim ubi jus, ibi remedium for "where there is a legal right, there is a legal remedy"
  2. ↑ Note that Hamilton did not envision Judicial review, instead arguing that the Congress must avoid unconstitutional unto itself.
  3. ↑ In this case the Court upheld a challenge to a law's constitutionality, in that a tax on carriages did not violate the Constitution. Marbury was not decided on this precedent, however, Chief Justice Roberts cited Hylton in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
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