Ancient Middle East Outline: Difference between revisions

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===Readings for students===
===Readings for students===
* links or ideas here
* links or ideas here
[[Category:category name]]




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“carriers of civilization”
“carriers of civilization”
traders needed quick, flexible written language
traders needed quick, flexible written language
[[Category:World History]]

Latest revision as of 16:52, 25 January 2024

>>image here

>> todo: add Climate

For basic outline see Ancient Middle East Simple Outline

Article Objective

  • comprehensive outline of the Ancient Middle East, from the rise of Civilization in Sumer to the Persian Empire
  • note that this historical area and time are also referred to as the "Ancient Near East," which also refers to North Africa, Red Sea, and Greece. See Near Eest (wikipedia)

Wikipedia entry: Ancient Near East Wikipida "simple English" entry: Ancient Near East (incomplete entry as of 2011-08-01)


Notes & Objectives[edit | edit source]

The Study of the Ancient Middle East offers meaningful opportunity to practice of:

apply historical concepts[edit | edit source]

  • geography
  • movement & isolation
  • cultural diffusion & spread of ideas, technologies, and
  • standardization
  • causality & human choice
  • identity, especially in religion and culture
  • stability v. change
  • surplus & scarcity
  • order v. chaos
  • continuity v. change

connections[edit | edit source]

  • cultural diffusion, exchange, & influences
  • precedents for and influences upon later history
  • cultural and technological advances
  • art & architecture
  • exchange: especially as bridge between Mediterranean Sea region and Indian Ocean

other student enhancement[edit | edit source]

  • engaging topic that students enjoy
  • creative application in study

>> image here

Geography[edit | edit source]

Two Rivers[edit | edit source]

  • Tigris River
    • sub-details
    • sub-details
  • Euphraes River
  • details

Fertile Crescent[edit | edit source]

  • details
    • sub-details
    • sub-details
  • details
  • details

Persian Gulf[edit | edit source]

  • details
    • sub-details

Asia Minor[edit | edit source]

  • details

Levant[edit | edit source]

  • details
    • sub-details
    • sub-details
    • sub-details
  • details
  • sources:
    • place external links specific to the general or sub- categories here using single [ brackets ]

Isolation[edit | edit source]

  • Fertile Crescent defined by
    • Taurus Mountains and Asia Minor to the north
    • Arabian Desert to south
    • Persian Gulif to east
    • Mediterranean Sea to west
    • Sinai/ Egypt to southwest

Movement[edit | edit source]

  • Two rivers
    • rivers flow south-east
    • floating devices
    • Persian Gulf
    • movement easier along rivers, not upstream, which requires alternative transportation (wheels, carts, chariots, etc.)

Regions[edit | edit source]

  • Sumer
  • Mesopotamia
  • Asia Minor
  • Syria
  • Phoenicia
  • Levant
  • Isreal
  • Arabia

Natural Resources[edit | edit source]

  • * sources

Climate[edit | edit source]

  • details

Etymology/ Word Origins[edit | edit source]

  • details


Ancient Middle East Timeline[edit | edit source]
GOverview
Event Date
City States of Sumer 3300 BC
Sargon conquers Sumer 2300 BC
Hammurabi & Babylonian Empoire 1790 BC
Hittite Empire 1650-1200 BC
Assyrian Rise 1350 BC
Kingdom of Isrea 1000 BC
Assyrian Empire 900 BC
Nebuchadnezzar & Babylonian Empiore 626 BC
Persian Empire 539 BC
Alexander the Great conqueres Middle East asdf BC
sources: put links for sources here if desired


Paleolithic Middle East[edit | edit source]

Sub Heading[edit | edit source]

  • details
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    • etc.
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Neolithic Period & Neolithic Revolution[edit | edit source]

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Sumer[edit | edit source]

= Rise of Civilization[edit | edit source]

  • Sumer Civilization Package
    • rivers
    • silt
    • trade
    • diverse climate in nearby mountains that form norther border of Mesopotamia
  • Writing
  • Other influences
    • interactions with nomadic peoples
    • war, trade, exchange
  • sources

Akkad[edit | edit source]

= Sub Heading[edit | edit source]

  • details
  • sources

Hammurabi & Babylon[edit | edit source]

Achievements & Legacy[edit | edit source]

  • base 60 numeric system
    • 60 minutes
    • 360 degrees on a circle
  • origins in counting the 3 creases of the fingers w the thumb
    • 3 x4= 12
    • then count the number of times to 12 on the left hand = 60 total

= Sub Heading[edit | edit source]

  • details
  • sources

Hittites[edit | edit source]

= Sub Heading[edit | edit source]

  • details
  • sources

Assyrians[edit | edit source]

= Sub Heading[edit | edit source]

  • details
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Social, Political and Economic Structures[edit | edit source]

Government[edit | edit source]

  • details
  • sources:

Economy[edit | edit source]

  • details
  • sources:

Social Structures[edit | edit source]

  • social classes
  • identity
  • religion
  • family
  • gender
  • sources:

Literature & Arts[edit | edit source]

  • links

Culture and Cultural & Technological Achievements[edit | edit source]

  • deatils
  • sources:


Historiography[edit | edit source]

  • using sub-headings or bullets, discussion of the historical sources and historiography of this subject


External Resources[edit | edit source]

Websites[edit | edit source]

  • external links here

Articles[edit | edit source]

See Also[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted link to other related internal or web articles
  • bulleted link to other related internal or web articles


Lesson Plans & Teaching Ideas[edit | edit source]

Sub Heading[edit | edit source]

  • Standardization: Hammurabi's Code
  • details
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Other Student Projects and Investigations[edit | edit source]

  • ideas for student work / engagement with the topic

Readings for students[edit | edit source]

  • links or ideas here




mlb notes to sort thorugh from 2005 files:

Assubanipal Assyrian... arts, and violence, the head of his enemy hung in the palace (p. 38)

Sargon -- 2300 bc first empire by uniting Sumerian city-states

Hammurabi 1790 bc king of Babylon consolidated traditional Sumerian laws into the Code carved 300 laws onto stone pillar for all to see: “Cause justice to prevail in the land” “To destroy the wicked and evil” “That the strong may not oppress the weak” Criminal law: “limited social vengeance and encouraged social order” Civil Law: “.. much of Hamm’s law designed to protect the the powerless, womins and slaves

Hamm... improved irrigation, organized army, repaired temples, “encouraged religious unity” ... promoted Babylonian god “Marduk” over Sumerian gods

Phoenicians (1200-800 bc)

Wikipeida: “The Phoenicians were not an agricultural people, because most of the land was not arable; therefore, they focused on commerce and trading instead. They did, however, raise sheep and sell them and their wool.

Phoenician alphabet developed 1200 bc... from the Sumerians, led to the Greeks

Cyrus the Great conquered Phoenicia in 538 BC

>> see King Kiram I wiki page 980-947 BC .>> in the Hebrew bible... allied w/ David, established trade routes along Red Sea w/ Jews ... helped build Solomon's temple... put down rebellions at Utica and Carthage


Hitites (1500-1200 bc) pushed in from Asia Minor (Turkey) >> heated iron ore, pounded out impurities, plunged into cold water... harder, sharper

Assyrians (1100-600 bc) used iron weapons God = Assur well-ordered society..laws of royal behavior... Nineveh... Assurbanipal = library... collected cuneiform tables from all over the region

Nebuchadnezzar (612 bc.. defeats Assurbanipal) Babylon ruthless.. empre for Perian Gulf to Mediterranean Hanging Gardens astronomy

Perisan empire took over from Nebuchadnezzar generally tolerant.. of conquered cultures

Cyrus the Great (539, took over from Nebuch)

Darius (522-486) - unified Persian empire - skilled organizer - divided into provinces and Satraps ... - adopted laws and codes.. uniform accorss the empire - roads .. traveled > unity - trade: uniform weights and measures coins... Lydians of Aisan Minor started most people still bartered

Zoroaster Persian thinker... (600bc) taught a single god: Ahura Mazda v. Ahriman >.judgement day judged for your actions

Phoenician Sea Traders manufacturing and trade >>glass form coastal sand >> dye “Tyrian purple”.. from sea snails >> used Egyptian papyrus Alphabet “carriers of civilization” traders needed quick, flexible written language

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