AP World History: Modern time line: Difference between revisions

Line 102:

|Genghis Khan

|Asia

|~~Mongolia~~

|Mongols

|

Line 278:

|-

|1353

|gunpower perfected in Germany~~; first European cannon~~

|gunpower perfected in Germany

|Europe

|China

|technology

|cultural diffusion

~~|with improved metalworking, increased firing range and durability over early Chinese and Middle Eastern guns~~

|

* invented in 9th century in China, called "fire medicine"

* with improved metalworking, increased firing range and durability over early Chinese and Middle Eastern guns

* Europeans acquired gunpowder via Silk Road exchange with the Mongol Empire

* printing and paper technologies were also transmitted over the Silk Road

|

* gunpowder was invented in 9th century in China, called "fire medicine"

* had limited use under Song Dynasty as "incendiary projectiles" but not adapted for common military use and not for cannon or guns

* Medieval Islam acquired recipes which included saltpeter, which they called "Chinese snow"; having already employed naptha (petroleum-based) as an incendiary

* Mongol warfare included use of gunpowder, especially in conquest of China, and possibly in attacks on Europe, ~~where it was likely introduced~~

* Mongol warfare included use of gunpowder, especially in conquest of China, and possibly in attacks on Europe, which may have been part of its introduction to Europe

* see Gunpowder empires for Islamic empires that made extensive use of muskets and cannon

* Europeans applied it to small arms and cannon, and it was instrumental in bringing an end to calvary supremacy of European knights (see the [https://school4schools.com/wiki/index.php?title=US_History_timeline_%26_concept_chart:_16th-18th_centuries_(to_1754)_British-American_colonies#Thirty_Years_War.2C_1618-1648 Thirty Years War])

Line 301:

Line 304:

|

|-

|1399-early 1400s

|Timurid relations with Europe

|Europe, West Asia

|Mongols

|globalism

|cultural diffusion

|

* 1399-1400, Turco-Mongol emperor Tamerlane defeated the Ottomans in Syria

* he sought alliances with European monarchs to oppose the Ottomans

* each side exchanged diplomats, gifts and information

|

* was concurrent (same time as) to Ming dynasty overseas expeditions

* similar to Franco-Mongol alliance of the early 13th century, which was designed to oppose Ottoman expansion

|-

| 1405-1433

Line 378:

Line 395:

!Main Ideas/ Notes

!Other

|-

|1450

|Fra Mauro map

|Europe

|World

|exploration

|globalism

|

* 1st European modern world map, created by Venetian monk, Niccolò de Conti in 1450 (took several years to make; he had traveled to )

* the map indicated a sea route between Europe and India around Africa

* considered the first European map to be non-religious in nature or focus

* it did not place Jerusalem at the longitudinal center, and it removed the Garden of Eden from the world map (which was traditionally located on the world map to the east)

|[[File:FraMauroDetailedMap.jpg|left|thumb|The Fra Mauro Map of the world. The map depicts Asia, Africa and Europe, with south to the top (standard for Muslim world maps). The map is considered highly accurate and the first modern map of the world, even though not correctly depicting all of Africa (or the PaciiAmericas)]]

|-

| 1453

Line 392:

Line 422:

* Islamic empires built / expanded on use of gunpowder, especially muskets and cannon

* Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal empires

* the Ottomans were the first to adopt the technology & used it most effectively

|South Asia

|West Asia