US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions

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== Early British North American colonization ==
== Migration in British-American colonies ==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* 1583: English claim Newfoundland<br><br>
* 1585: first English settlement at Roanoke, VA<br><br>
* 1587: "Lost colony" of Roanoke (abandoned by 1590)<br><br>
* 1603: King James I crowned<br><br>
* 1606 First Charter of Virginia<br><br>
* 1607 Jamestown settlement<br><br>
* 1608 Separatist group moves to Holland<br><br>
* 1618 Great Charter (established VA self-governance)<br><br>
* 1620 Mayflower Company/ Plymouth settled by Pilgrims<br><br>
* 1622 Jamestown Massacre<br><br>
* 1624: Virginia Company abolished; royal Colony<br><br>
* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut<br><br>
* 1642: House of Burgesses
1651 British Navigation Act


1676 Bacon's Rebellion


1681, William Penn granted charter for Pennsylvania
{| class="wikitable"  
 
1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials
 
1721 British policy of "Salutary Neglect"
||
'''British colonial population growth'''
* 1530-1680: 200,000 immigrants arrived to the colonies
*
 
 
'''Migration Push / Pull factors'''
* conditions that "pushed" British emigration
* conditions that "pulled" colonial immigration<br><br>
'''Joint Stock Company'''
* shared ownership for commercial venture; used by England for 1st colonies
* Virginia Company: to establish colonies & find gold (didn’t)
'''Headright System'''
* land grant for brining laborers to colonies<br><br>
'''Indentured servants'''<br><br>
'''House of Burgesses'''
* legislature, governing body of VA colony<br><br>
'''Separatists (religious)'''
* wanted autonomous congregations “separate” from Church of England
* Puritans: anti-papal/ anti-Catholic, wanted to “purify” English Churches
* Pilgrims: separatists group sailed to Plymouth from Holland
* Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim contract for self-rule
* William Bradford: became Plymouth Colony governor; wrote book “On “Plymouth Plantation”<br><br>
'''John Winthrop & "city upon a hill"'''<br><br>
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony<br><br>
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Corporate structure & charters of British colonial enterprises
* British settlements & interactions/ conflicts with Native Americans
* Religious movements & motivations
* Concept of self-governance expressed/ experienced:
** House of Burgessses
** John Winthrop
** Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
*
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%"
|+Push/Pull factors for British settlement in North America
|'''Push factors'''
* population growth in England
* land use focus in England went from rents (collecting rent) to sheep herding for wool, which displaced tenants
* religious & political persecution
* English Civil War
* primogeniture (1st born inherits), so 2nd+ sons seeking opportunity
* political advantage
* corporate organization (formal structures for exploration & migration)
* criminality
||'''Pull factors'''
* economic opportunity
* adventurism
* religious freedom
* political opportunity
* economic opportunity
* "new start"
* demand for labor
* slavery
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 90%"
|+Timeline of Colonial Migration
|+Timeline of Colonial Migration
!Period
!Period
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!Notes  
!Notes  
|-
|-
|1609-1620s
| cell style="width: 15%" |1609-1620s
|Initial settlement
|Initial settlement
|Virginia & Plymouth colonies
|Virginia & Plymouth colonies
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|1630-1642
|1630-1642
|
|
| - 16,000 migrants arrive to Massachusetts Bay colony
|  
- 16,000 migrants arrive to Massachusetts Bay colony
- inland migration as settlers expand across New England
- inland migration as settlers expand across New England
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|early 1700s
|early 1700s
|Mennonite settlements in Pennyslvania
|Mennonite settlements in Pennsylvania
|mostly Swiss and German religious dissenters
|mostly Swiss and German religious dissenters
|-
|-
|1700
|1700
|'''colonial population estimates:'''  
|'''colonial population estimates:'''  
| - 275,000 in all colonies
|  
- 275,000 in all colonies
- 7,000 in Boston
- 7,000 in Boston
- 5,000 in New York City
- 5,000 in New York City
-
|-
|-
|1718
|1718
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|1725
|1725
|'''black slave population'''
|'''black slave population'''
| - starting w/ first importation of African slaves in 1619 (about 20) to Jamestown
|  
- starting w/ first importation of African slaves in 1619 (about 20) to Jamestown
- by 1725 black slave population estimated at 75,000
- by 1725 black slave population estimated at 75,000
|-
|-
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! style="text-align:center;"|Total<ref>Total represents total immigration over the approximately 130 year span of existence of the U.S. colonies as found in the 1790 census. At the time of the [[American Revolution]], the foreign-born population was estimated to be from 300,000 to 400,000.</ref>  ||950,000 ||3,900,000
! style="text-align:center;"|Total<ref>Total represents total immigration over the approximately 130 year span of existence of the U.S. colonies as found in the 1790 census. At the time of the [[American Revolution]], the foreign-born population was estimated to be from 300,000 to 400,000.</ref>  ||950,000 ||3,900,000
|}
|}
== Early British North American colonization ==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* 1583: English claim Newfoundland<br><br>
* 1585: first English settlement at Roanoke, VA<br><br>
* 1587: "Lost colony" of Roanoke (abandoned by 1590)<br><br>
* 1603: King James I crowned<br><br>
* 1606 First Charter of Virginia<br><br>
* 1607 Jamestown settlement<br><br>
* 1608 Separatist group moves to Holland<br><br>
* 1618 Great Charter (established VA self-governance)<br><br>
* 1620 Mayflower Company/ Plymouth settled by Pilgrims<br><br>
* 1622 Jamestown Massacre<br><br>
* 1624: Virginia Company abolished; royal Colony<br><br>
* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut<br><br>
* 1642: House of Burgesses
1651 British Navigation Act
1676 Bacon's Rebellion
1681, William Penn granted charter for Pennsylvania
1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials
1721 British policy of "Salutary Neglect"
||
'''British colonial population growth'''
* 1530-1680: 200,000 immigrants arrived to the colonies
'''Migration Push / Pull factors'''
* conditions that "pushed" British emigration
* conditions that "pulled" colonial immigration<br><br>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Push/Pull factors for British settlement in North America
!'''Push factors'''
!|'''Pull factors'''
|-
| cell style="width: 60%" |
* population growth in England
* land use focus in England went from rents (collecting rent) to sheep herding for wool, which displaced tenants
* religious & political persecution
* English Civil War
* primogeniture (1st born inherits), so 2nd+ sons seeking opportunity
* political advantage
* corporate organization (formal structures for exploration & migration)
* criminality
|
* economic opportunity
* adventurism
* religious freedom
* political opportunity
* economic opportunity
* "new start"
* demand for labor
* slavery
|-
|}
'''Joint Stock Company'''
* shared ownership for commercial venture; used by England for 1st colonies
* Virginia Company: to establish colonies & find gold (didn’t)
'''Headright System'''
* land grant for brining laborers to colonies<br><br>
'''Indentured servants'''<br><br>
'''House of Burgesses'''
* legislature, governing body of VA colony<br><br>
'''Separatists (religious)'''
* wanted autonomous congregations “separate” from Church of England
* Puritans: anti-papal/ anti-Catholic, wanted to “purify” English Churches
* Pilgrims: separatists group sailed to Plymouth from Holland
* Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim contract for self-rule
* William Bradford: became Plymouth Colony governor; wrote book “On “Plymouth Plantation”<br><br>
'''John Winthrop & "city upon a hill"'''<br><br>
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony<br><br>
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Corporate structure & charters of British colonial enterprises
* British settlements & interactions/ conflicts with Native Americans
* Religious movements & motivations
* Concept of self-governance expressed/ experienced:
** House of Burgessses
** John Winthrop
** Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
*


'''DETAILS'''
'''DETAILS'''
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* 1727 Virginia created "tobacco notes" or "tobacco receipts"
* 1727 Virginia created "tobacco notes" or "tobacco receipts"
* = official certificates or "receipts" representing a certain amount of tobacco stored in a government warehouse
* = official certificates or "receipts" representing a certain amount of tobacco stored in a government warehouse
 
** instead of exchanging actual tobacco, these "receipts" were used like paper money
instead of exchanging actual tobacco, these "receipts" were used
 
* see
* see
 
** <nowiki>https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tobacco-money</nowiki> Tobacco As Money (Encyclopedia.com)]
* <nowiki>https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tobacco-money</nowiki> Tobacco As Money (Encyclopedia.com)]
** Early American Colonists Had a Cash Problem. Here's How They Solved It (Time.com)
 
* Early American Colonists Had a Cash Problem. Here's How They Solved It (Time.com)


* use of tobacco as currency led to great expansion of tobacco planting and overall economy
* use of tobacco as currency led to great expansion of tobacco planting and overall economy
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* by Catholic George Calvert, Lord Baltimore; granted by English King Charles I
* by Catholic George Calvert, Lord Baltimore; granted by English King Charles I
* first prioprietary colony = owned and governed by an individual
* first prioprietary colony = owned and governed by an individual


Mayflower Compact
Mayflower Compact


Rhode Island & religious freedom
Rhode Island & religious freedom
<nowiki>*</nowiki> 1636 Rhode Island passed acts to prohibit religious persecution of "non-Trinitarians"
<nowiki>*</nowiki> 1636 Rhode Island passed acts to prohibit religious persecution of "non-Trinitarians"
<nowiki>**</nowiki> "Trinitarian" refers to believers of the "Holy Trinity", which is a core Catholic belief  
<nowiki>**</nowiki> "Trinitarian" refers to believers of the "Holy Trinity", which is a core Catholic belief  
<nowiki>**</nowiki> Rhode Island is considered the first government to separate "Church and State"
<nowiki>**</nowiki> Rhode Island is considered the first government to separate "Church and State"
<nowiki>*</nowiki> 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act to enforce religious tolerance for Catholics ("Trinitarians")
<nowiki>*</nowiki> 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act to enforce religious tolerance for Catholics ("Trinitarians")
<nowiki>**</nowiki> the Rhode Island and Maryland laws explicitly protected only Christians
<nowiki>**</nowiki> the Rhode Island and Maryland laws explicitly protected only Christians
<nowiki>***</nowiki> after the English Restoration, Rhode Island welcomed Quakers, Jews and others seeking religious liberty
<nowiki>***</nowiki> after the English Restoration, Rhode Island welcomed Quakers, Jews and others seeking religious liberty


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