US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions
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* 1517 Protestant Reformation | * 1517 Protestant Reformation | ||
* 1527 Henry VIII separates from Catholic Church | * 1527 Henry VIII separates from Catholic Church | ||
* | * the Commonwealth & Oliver Cromwell | ||
** English | * 1649 Maryland Toleration Act (religious tolerance) | ||
* 1661 "English Restoration" of Charles II | |||
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=== Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation === | === Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation === | ||
=== Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America === | === Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America === | ||
=== Rhode Island & religious freedom === | |||
=== Quakers === | |||
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'''BIG IDEAS''' | '''BIG IDEAS''' | ||
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism | * Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism | ||
* Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church ensures English-Spanish competition / wars | * Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church ensures English-Spanish competition / wars | ||
** | * Rhode Island was started by Puritan Roger Williams who was exiled from Massachusetts | ||
** Williams named Rhode Island "Providence Plantation" and established religious tolerance | |||
* English Civil War, 1642–1651 = religious conflict that spills over to colonies | |||
** "Royalists" v. "Parliamentarians" | |||
* see also Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648 | |||
* American colonial anti-Catholicism drives colonial identity and serves as catalyst for American Revolution following British take-over of French-Canadian Catholic provinces in Canada | * American colonial anti-Catholicism drives colonial identity and serves as catalyst for American Revolution following British take-over of French-Canadian Catholic provinces in Canada | ||
* Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious movement known generally as Puritans and their offshoots, including the Brownists, (from which the Pilgrims arose), Quakers, Levelers, Anabaptists, etc. | * Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious movement known generally as Puritans and their offshoots, including the Brownists, (from which the Pilgrims arose), Quakers, Levelers, Anabaptists, etc. | ||
* 1636 Rhode Island passed acts to prohibit religious persecution of "non-Trinitarians" | |||
** "Trinitarian" refers to believers of the "Holy Trinity", which is a core Catholic belief | |||
** Rhode Island is considered the first government to separate "Church and State" | |||
* 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act to enforce religious tolerance for Catholics ("Trinitarians") | |||
** the Rhode Island and Maryland laws explicitly protected only Christians | |||
*** after the English Restoration, Rhode Island welcomed Quakers, Jews and others seeking religious liberty | |||
'''DETAILS''' | '''DETAILS''' | ||
* | * during English Civil War American colonialists were divided in loyalties | ||
** Puritan colonies, especially Massachusetts, aligned with the Parliamentarians | |||
*** with the Parliamentarian victory, some Puritan colonialists returned to England | |||
** Virginia (a "crown colony" as of 1634) and Maryland ("proprietary colony" but owned by the Catholic Calver family) were strongly allied with Royalists | |||
*** The "Plundering Time" or "Claiborne and Ingle's Rebellion" = Protestant invasion of Kent Island and St. Mary's City in Maryland, 1644-46 | |||
**** two years of raiding and turmoil | |||
**** Maryland governor, Cecilius Calvert (2nd Lord Baltimore), fled to Virginia | |||
*** Lord Baltimore regained power 1646 | |||
*** during the Commonwealth, Parliament appointed protestant commissioners who opposed Lord Baltimore | |||
**** the commissioners essentially ran the state from 1654-1658 | |||
**** under protestant rule, Maryland repealed the 1649 '''Maryland Toleration Act''' (which had provided for religious tolerance) | |||
*** "Battle of the Severn" in 1655 near Annapolis, MD, called "the last battle of the English Civil War" (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Severn Battle of the Severn (wikipedia)] | |||
**** a protestant settlement at Horn Point on the Severn River skirmished with Lord Baltimore's forces | |||
*** in 1658 Lord Baltimore regained control and an amnesty was declared | |||
* '''Quakers''' = "Religious Society of Friends" | |||
** = Puritans who were considered extremists for their belief that the "Light of Christ" resided in every person | |||
** in 1681, the Quaker William Penn traded a debt owed to his father by King Charles II for the province of Pennsylvania | |||
*** by 1685, 8,000 Quakers had moved to Pennsylvania | |||
*** Penn encouraged protestant German immigrants, including Lutherans, Mennonites, Amish, and other sects | |||
*** many of these groups settled on farm land, thus "Pennsylvania Dutch country" | |||
* Sources: | |||
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_United_States History or Religion in the United States (wikipedia)] | |||
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