US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions

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See also:  
See also:  
 
* << to do
section & table structure:
<nowiki>==</nowiki>section heading
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Title'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
*
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
*
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
*
'''DETAILS'''
*
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|}




== Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples overview ==
== Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples overview ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples overview'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
* Pre-Columbian: before 1492
* Pre-Columbian: before 1492
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
||
=== linguistic and cultural areas ===
=== linguistic and cultural areas ===
=== tribal alliances ===
=== tribal alliances ===
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* hunting  
* hunting  
* communal ownership
* communal ownership
 
||
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
* Native North American linguistic areas
* Native North American linguistic areas
[[File:Langs N.Amer.svg|thumb|Pre-contact: distribution of North American language families, including northern Mexico (wikipedia)]]
[[File:Langs N.Amer.svg|thumb|Pre-contact: distribution of North American language families, including northern Mexico (wikipedia)]]
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** Native American concept of sharing of land, resources, and labor
** Native American concept of sharing of land, resources, and labor
** was part of cultural misunderstanding between European and native populations over land and object ownership
** was part of cultural misunderstanding between European and native populations over land and object ownership
 
|-  
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|}
|}


== Age of Exploration and Columbian Exchange ==
== Age of Exploration and Columbian Exchange ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''Age of Exploration and Columbus Exchange'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
|
* 1492 Columbus lands in Caribbean
* 1492 Columbus lands in Caribbean
* 1497 British explore North American coast
* 1497 British explore North American coast
* 1524 Verrazano expedition on behalf of France
* 1524 Verrazano expedition on behalf of France
* 1540 Spanish expeditions into modern U.S. territory by Coronado (Southwest) & de Soto Southeast)
* 1540 Spanish expeditions into modern U.S. territory by Coronado (Southwest) & de Soto Southeast)
*1541 Cartier expedition to the St. Lawrence River
* 1541 Cartier expedition to the St. Lawrence River
* 1565 Spanish establish St. Augustine, Florida
* 1565 Spanish establish St. Augustine, Florida
* 1588 England defeats Spanish Armada
* 1588 England defeats Spanish Armada
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* 1609 Sante Fe founded by Spanish
* 1609 Sante Fe founded by Spanish
* 1523/1534 French expeditions to Canada
* 1523/1534 French expeditions to Canada
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
||
=== political and economic background ===
=== political and economic background ===
* collapse of Byzantium, 1453 (Christian) to Ottomans (Muslim)
* collapse of Byzantium, 1453 (Christian) to Ottomans (Muslim)
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* several explorations starting 1497, abandoned due to domestic British situations
* several explorations starting 1497, abandoned due to domestic British situations
* Cabot did not find minerals or route to China
* Cabot did not find minerals or route to China
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* European motives in trade and religion
* European motives in trade and religion
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*** establishes connection of New France to Gulf of Mexico
*** establishes connection of New France to Gulf of Mexico
*** French focus on Mississippi River trade, establishing trade posts in Louisiana
*** French focus on Mississippi River trade, establishing trade posts in Louisiana
 
|-
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|}
|}


== Protestant Reformation & religious conflict ==
== Protestant Reformation & religious conflict ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''Protestant Reformation & Religious Wars'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
|
* 1517 Protestant Reformation
* 1517 Protestant Reformation
* 1527 Henry VIII separates from Catholic Church
* 1527 Henry VIII separates from Catholic Church
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** English Civil War, 1642–1651
** English Civil War, 1642–1651
** see also  Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648
** see also  Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
||
=== Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation ===
=== Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation ===
=== Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America ===
=== Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America ===
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism  
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism  
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== Spanish colonization in North America ==
== Spanish colonization in North America ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''Spanish colonization in North America'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
|
* 1540 Spanish entry to “Pueblo” territories (southwest: NM, AZ)
* 1540 Spanish entry to “Pueblo” territories (southwest: NM, AZ)
* 1565 First North Amer. east coast colony (St. Augustine, FL)
* 1565 First North Amer. east coast colony (St. Augustine, FL)
* 1598 Spanish invasion of Pueblo lands
* 1598 Spanish invasion of Pueblo lands
* 1680 Pueblo Revolt
* 1680 Pueblo Revolt
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
||
=== Encomienda ===
=== Encomienda ===
*  labor / land for conquistadors  
*  labor / land for conquistadors  
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=== Asiento===
=== Asiento===
* deal for slave trade between Spanish and & nations (“assent")
* deal for slave trade between Spanish and & nations (“assent")
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Spanish extraction & agriculture: need for labor  
* Spanish extraction & agriculture: need for labor  
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** criolles = born in New World of Spanish parents
** criolles = born in New World of Spanish parents
** Mestizos = mixed Spanish and Native American parentage
** Mestizos = mixed Spanish and Native American parentage
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
|}
|}


== British North American colonization ==
== British North American colonization ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''British North American colonization'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
|
* 1583: English claim Newfoundland
* 1583: English claim Newfoundland
* 1585: first English settlement at Roanoke, VA,  
* 1585: first English settlement at Roanoke, VA,  
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* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
* 1642: House of Burgesses
* 1642: House of Burgesses
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
||
=== Push / Pull factors ===
=== Push / Pull factors ===
* conditions that "pushed" British emigration
* conditions that "pushed" British emigration
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* insisted on church rules
* insisted on church rules
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony
| style="width: 60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Corporate structure & charters of British colonial enterprises
* Corporate structure & charters of British colonial enterprises
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== Post-Columbian Eastern Native American tribes overview ==
== Post-Columbian Eastern Native American tribes overview ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''Post-Columbian Eastern Native American tribes overview'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
|
* Iroquois League, 1450-1660
* Iroquois League, 1450-1660
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
||
=== pre-Columbian Native American tribal alliances ===
=== pre-Columbian Native American tribal alliances ===
* Iroquois League or Confederacy: union of “Five Nations” of Iroquois-speaking tribes
* Iroquois League or Confederacy: union of “Five Nations” of Iroquois-speaking tribes
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** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
=== tribal leverage of colonial contacts for expansion ===
=== tribal leverage of colonial contacts for expansion ===
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
[[File:Early Localization Native Americans NY.svg|thumb|Map of the New York tribes before European arrival:  Iroquoian tribes   Algonquian tribes]]
[[File:Early Localization Native Americans NY.svg|thumb|Map of the New York tribes before European arrival:  Iroquoian tribes   Algonquian tribes]]
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** the League negotiated w/ English, maintained independence
** the League negotiated w/ English, maintained independence
** opposed to the Algonquian, which were aligned w/ French, but some Iroquois settled in French held territory and aligned w/ them
** opposed to the Algonquian, which were aligned w/ French, but some Iroquois settled in French held territory and aligned w/ them
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|-
|}
|}


== Slavery origins in Americas ==
== Slavery origins in Americas ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''African slavery'''
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"  
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|
||  
=== transatlantic slave trade ===  
=== transatlantic slave trade ===  
* "triangular trade "
* "triangular trade "
* Spanish, Dutch, and French slave trade
* Spanish, Dutch, and French slave trade
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''DETAILS'''
'''DETAILS'''
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* for entire memoir see: [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15399 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African (gutenberg.org)]
* for entire memoir see: [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15399 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African (gutenberg.org)]
</div>
</div>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|-
|}
|}
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