US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions

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* Pre-Columbian: before 1492
* Pre-Columbian: before 1492
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Native American linguistic and cultural areas
=== linguistic and cultural areas ===
* Tribal alliances
=== tribal alliances ===
* Mississippi culture
=== culture ===
* architecture:
=== architecture ===
** Pueblo adobe houses
* Pueblo adobe houses
** Iroquois "longhouses"
* Iroquois "longhouses"
** Mound builders
* Mound builders
* land use
=== land use ===
** farming
* farming
** hunting  
* hunting  
** communal ownership
* communal ownership


| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
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* 1492 Columbus lands in Americas
* 1492 Columbus lands in Americas
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* '''BACKGROUND''':
=== political and economic background ===
** Collapse of Byzantium, 1453 (Christian) to Ottomans (Muslim)
* collapse of Byzantium, 1453 (Christian) to Ottomans (Muslim)
** Italian merchants cut off from previous trade networks
* Italian merchants cut off from previous trade networks
** Christian conquest of Spain and Spanish Inquisition
* Christian conquest of Spain ('''reconquista''')
* European motives:
=== European motives ===
** trade, religion, political competition
* trade, religion, political competition
** primary motive = direct access to South and East Asian markets
* primary motive = direct access to South and East Asian markets
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
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** see also  Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648
** see also  Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation
=== Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation ===
* Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America
=== Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America ===
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|}
|}


== Spanish colonization in North America ==
== Spanish colonization in North America ==
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* 1598 Spanish invasion of Pueblo lands
* 1598 Spanish invasion of Pueblo lands
* 1680 Pueblo Revolt
* 1680 Pueblo Revolt
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* '''Encomienda''': labor / land for conquistadors  
=== '''Encomienda ===
** = abusive of Indians
*  labor / land for conquistadors  
* = abusive of Native Americans
* '''De Las Casas''': Spanish priest wrote about cruelties v. Indians
* '''De Las Casas''': Spanish priest wrote about cruelties v. Indians
* Sepulveda: Spanish humanist philosopher justified enslavement of Indians  
* Sepulveda: Spanish humanist philosopher justified enslavement of Indians  
* '''New Laws''': Spanish reforms for better treatment of Indians
=== New Laws ===
* '''Pueblo Revolt''': Rebellion by Indians over maltreatment; led to New Laws reforms
* Spanish reforms for better treatment of Indians
* '''Asiento''': deal for slave trade between Spanish and & nations (“assent")
=== Pueblo Revolt ===
* Rebellion by Indians over maltreatment; led to New Laws reforms
=== Asiento===
* deal for slave trade between Spanish and & nations (“assent")
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
BIG IDEAS:
BIG IDEAS:
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* 1642: House of Burgesses
* 1642: House of Burgesses
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Joint Stock Company: shared ownership for commercial venture; used by England for 1st colonies
=== Joint Stock Company ===
* shared ownership for commercial venture; used by England for 1st colonies
* Virginia Company: to establish colonies & find gold (didn’t)
* Virginia Company: to establish colonies & find gold (didn’t)
* Headright System: land grant for brining laborers to colonies
=== Headright System ===
* Indentured servants
* land grant for brining laborers to colonies
* House of Burgesses: legislature, governing body of VA colony
=== Indentured servants ===
* Separatists: wanted autonomous congregations “separate” from Church of England
===  House of Burgesses ===
* legislature, governing body of VA colony
=== Separatists (religious) ===
* wanted autonomous congregations “separate” from Church of England
* Puritans: anti-papal/ anti-Catholic, wanted to “purify” English Churches  
* Puritans: anti-papal/ anti-Catholic, wanted to “purify” English Churches  
* Pilgrims: separatists group sailed to Plymouth from Holland
* Pilgrims: separatists group sailed to Plymouth from Holland
* Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim contract for self-rule
* Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim contract for self-rule
* William Bradford: became Plymouth Colony governor; wrote book “On “Plymouth Plantation”
* William Bradford: became Plymouth Colony governor; wrote book “On “Plymouth Plantation”
* John Winthrop: Mass Bay Colony leader, called it “city upon a hill”; insisted on church rules
=== John Winthrop & "city upon a hill" ===
* Mass Bay Colony leader
* called it “city upon a hill”
* insisted on church rules
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony
| style="width: 60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| style="width: 60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
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* Iroquois League, 1450-1660
* Iroquois League, 1450-1660
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* pre-Columbian Native American tribes/ alliances/ integrations
=== pre-Columbian Native American tribal alliances ===
* post-Columbian exchange
* Iroquois League or Confederacy: union of “Five Nations” of Iroquois-speaking tribes
** trade
=== post-Columbian exchange ===
** technological and economic exchange changed intra-tribal power dynamics, including:
* trade
*** iron tools and weapons, guns, horses
* technological and economic exchange changed intra-tribal power dynamics, including:
*** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
* iron tools and weapons, guns, horses
* Iroquois League/ Confederacy: union of “Five Nations” of Iroquois-speaking tribes
** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
** leverage colonial contacts for expansion  
=== tribal leverage of colonial contacts for expansion ===
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
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|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Transatlantic Slave Trade / Triangular Trade
=== transatlantic slave trade ===
* "triangular trade "
* Spanish, Dutch, and French slave trade
* Spanish, Dutch, and French slave trade
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
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