AP US History Presidents timeline: Difference between revisions
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|1824 | |1824 | ||
|1825 | |1825 | ||
|John Quincy Adams | |'''John Quincy Adams''' | ||
* disputed election | |||
* politicization & political | |||
|Election of 1824: | |Election of 1824: | ||
* most states now allow selection fo E.C. electors by vote of the people | * most states now allow selection fo E.C. electors by vote of the people | ||
* demise of caucus system = selection of electors by party leaders | |||
* disputed election 0f 1824 | * disputed election 0f 1824 | ||
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* Tariff of 1828 | * Tariff of 1828 | ||
** later called "Tariff of Abominations" | ** later called "Tariff of Abominations" | ||
** 50% tariff | ** 50% tariff | ||
nullification movement starts | * nullification movement starts | ||
** promoted by Senator John C Calhoun re. the tariff | ** promoted by Senator John C Calhoun re. the tariff | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1828 | |1828 | ||
|1829 | |1829 | ||
|Jackson | |'''Andrew Jackson''' | ||
|*1st president not born in Virginia or named Adams | |*1st president not born in Virginia or named Adams | ||
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|1832 | |1832 | ||
|1833 | |1833 | ||
|Jackson | |'''Andrew Jackson''' | ||
|Indian affairs: | |Indian affairs: | ||
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* Jackson ignored the court order “Mr. Marshall has made his ruling. Now let him enforce it.” | * Jackson ignored the court order “Mr. Marshall has made his ruling. Now let him enforce it.” | ||
* Trail of Tears, 1835-38 (under Van Buren) | * Trail of Tears, 1835-38 (under Van Buren) | ||
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* Tariff of 1832 | * Tariff of 1832 | ||
** South Carolina nullified the law | ** South Carolina nullified the law | ||
** Congress considered a "Force Bill" to send troops to enforce the tariff | ** Congress considered a "Force Bill" to send troops to enforce the tariff | ||
** compromise reached by Clay & Calhoun, lowered tariff rates | ** compromise reached by Clay & Calhoun, lowered tariff rates | ||
* "Specie Circular" | |||
** demanded "hard cash", or "specie" for government land sales instead of promissory notes or paper money (bank drafts, promises to pay, etc.) | |||
** the government recognized an ongoing land speculation bubble and used the order to suppress it, but ended up causing a financial panic | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1836 | |1836 | ||
|1837 | |1837 | ||
|Van Buren | |'''Martin Van Buren''' | ||
|Van Buren continued Jackson economic policies, anti-national bank | |Van Buren continued Jackson economic policies, anti-national bank | ||
* Panic of 1837 caused by | * Panic of 1837 caused by | ||
** financial, land and commodities speculation bubble | |||
** currency shortage | |||
** "Specie Circular" which ended land sales by Fed Gov on credit, now demanded "hard cash" | |||
* Panic of 1837, which had started before he became President, made Van Buren unpopular | |||
** he did little to address the Panic | |||
** and was accused of inaction by opponents | |||
** on the other hand, his deregulation policies (unwinding the National Bank, etc.) eventually led to the recovery from the Panic | |||
* Panic of 1837, made Van Buren unpopular | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1840 | |1840 | ||
|1841-1841 | |1841-1841 | ||
|William Henry Harrison | |'''William Henry Harrison''' | ||
|elected 1840 as a Whig | |elected 1840 as a Whig | ||
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* became governor of Indiana territory in 1801 | * became governor of Indiana territory in 1801 | ||
* 1st Whig President | * 1st Whig President | ||
* died of pneumonia | * died of pneumonia after giving an excessively long inaugural address that outlined his and Whig party policies | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|1841 | |1841 | ||
|John Tyler assumes office | |'''John Tyler''' assumes office | ||
|John Tyler = former Democrat, assumed office as Whig (VP to Harrison) | |John Tyler = former Democrat, assumed office as Whig (VP to Harrison) | ||
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|1844 | |1844 | ||
|1845 | |1845 | ||
|James K. Polk | |'''James K. Polk''' | ||
|* defeated Henry Clay in presidential election | |* defeated Henry Clay in presidential election | ||
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|1848 | |1848 | ||
|1847-1850 | |1847-1850 | ||
|Zachary Taylor | |'''Zachary Taylor''' | ||
|from Virginia, not a politician, recruited by the Whigs to run for president given his fame as military hero from Mexican-American War | |from Virginia, not a politician, recruited by the Whigs to run for president given his fame as military hero from Mexican-American War | ||
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|James "Jimmy" Carter | |James "Jimmy" Carter | ||
| | | | ||
* oil crisis | |||
* "malaise" | |||
* deregulation (starts near end of term) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| | | | ||
* inflation fighting | * inflation fighting | ||
* escalation of Cold War | |||
** B-2 Bomber | |||
** MX Missile system | |||
** SDI ("Star Wars") | |||
* "Reagan Doctrine" | |||
** support anti-communist movements | |||
** via direct and covert aid | |||
** ex. Nicaragua , El Salvador, Afghanistan | |||
* military spending | * military spending | ||
* lower taxes | * lower taxes | ||
* deregulation | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1984 | |1984 | ||
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|Ronald Reagan | |Ronald Reagan | ||
| | | | ||
* | * Mikhail Gorbachev | ||
** ''perestroika, glasnot'' | |||
** outspending the Russians | |||
* Berlin speech: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" | |||
*Reykjavík Summit | |||
* Iran-Contra Affair | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1988 | |1988 |
Latest revision as of 21:10, 20 October 2024
AP US History – Presidents Timeline w/ Events & Themes
Washington administration[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1788-89 | 1789 | George Washington
|
Main goal: set precedents for presidency
|
1792 | 1793 | George Washington
|
Other events/ Themes
|
Early Republic: Adams to Monroe[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1796 | 1797 | John Adams
|
*avoided war w/ France
= "nullification"
Leads to:
= establishes judicial review |
1800 | 1801 | Jefferson | *Revolution of 1800
* majority winner requirement rewards 2-party system
Louisiana Purchase (1802)
|
1804 | 1805 | Thomas Jefferson | *British-French conflict:
|
1808 | 1809 | James Madison
|
Events leading to War of 1812
|
1812 | 1813 | James Madison
|
Effects of War of 1812:
* federalists demanded changes in Constitution required 2/3ds vote for trade, new states, and limiting president to 1 term
* manufacturing increased during the War of 1812
|
1816 | 1817 | James Monroe
|
Era of Good Feelings
|
1820 | 1821 | James Monroe
|
*Monroe Doctrine (1823)
* US would not accept any new colonization efforts by Euopeans * Europe not to interfere in Americas (including Russia bc Russia was tyring to colonize Alaska)
|
Antebellum[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1824 | 1825 | John Quincy Adams
|
Election of 1824:
Adams as president:
|
1828 | 1829 | Andrew Jackson | *1st president not born in Virginia or named Adams
= westerner, Tennessee * considered self-made man
Issues:
* vetoed new charter * put federal money in other banks * paper money, supported "hard currency" = gold and silver (note: silver later seen as soft money after numerous mines discovered in late 1800s)
|
1832 | 1833 | Andrew Jackson | Indian affairs:
* Dade Massacre, 1835
|
1836 | 1837 | Martin Van Buren | Van Buren continued Jackson economic policies, anti-national bank
|
1840 | 1841-1841 | William Henry Harrison | elected 1840 as a Whig
|
1841 | John Tyler assumes office | John Tyler = former Democrat, assumed office as Whig (VP to Harrison)
| |
1844 | 1845 | James K. Polk | * defeated Henry Clay in presidential election
Mexican-American War, 1846-48
* no territory taken from Mexico could have slavery
|
1848 | 1847-1850 | Zachary Taylor | from Virginia, not a politician, recruited by the Whigs to run for president given his fame as military hero from Mexican-American War
|
1850 | Millard Fillmore assumes office | Whig from upstate New York
biggest event: Compromise of 1850
| |
1852 | 1853 | Franklin Pierce | *pro-Southern northerner Democrat
* goal was to expand U.S. slavery
|
1856 | 1857 | James S. Buchanan | *pro-Southern, northern Democrat
* does nothing to stop it, especially after Lincoln’s election (Nov. 1860) up to leaving office in March, 1861 |
Lincoln, Civil War, Reconstruction[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1860 | 1861 | Abraham Lincoln | Rise of Lincoln’ political career
Stories:
|
1864 | 1865-1865 | Abraham Lincoln | *“western” Republican – from Illinois
* Douglas wins the election
= let people in states and territories decide for themselves
* slavery wrong, but didn’t argue against ending it, only containing it to where it already existed (South) * sought to contain and not banish slavery
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”
In 1862 issued Emancipation Proclamation:
See concepts chart for more on Lincoln’s war strategies |
1865 | Andrew Johnson assumes office | * border state politician
* override his veto of Civil Rights Act of 1866, which gave citizenship to freedmen (this is before 14th</sup* Amendment)
| |
1868 | 1869 | Ullysses S. Grant | *war hero, elected easily
|
1872 | 1873 | Ullysses S. Grant | *lost popularity bc of corruption in his government
|
Gilded Age, Industrialization, Immigration[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1876 | 1877 | Hayes | *Republican, Civil War general, supporter of Reconstruction
|
1880 | 1881-1881 | James Garfield | * Republican, Civil War general
|
1881 | 1881-1885 | Chester Arthur assumes office | * Panic of 1884 led to public discontent and election of Cleveland |
1884 | 1885 | Cleveland | *only president to serve two, non-consecutive terms
|
1888 | 1889 | Benjamin Harrison | * Republican, grandson of President William Henry Harrison
= “protectionism”
|
1892 | 1893 | Grover S. Cleveland | *campaigned on reducing the tariff rates
|
1896 | 1897 | William McKinley
|
*raised tariffs via Dingley Tariff of 1897
Spanish-American War, 1898
|
1900 | 1901-1901 | William McKinley | *McKinley hugely popular following Span-Am war, easily reelected
|
Progressive Era[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1901 | Theodore Roosevelt
|
*NY Republican, known as “TR” and “Teddy”
| |
1904 | 1905 | Theodore Roosevelt | *won landslide election, 1904
|
1908 | 1909 | William Howard Taft
Trust busting Dollar Diplomacy |
*Ohio Republican
|
1912 | 1913 | Woodrow Wilson
|
*southern Democrat, progressive
|
1916 | 1917 | Woodrow Wilson
|
*won 2nd</sup* term promising to keep US out of WWI
After the War, Wilson went to Europe to negotiate peace deal and promote his “Fourteen Points” agenda for world affairs (democratic ideals such as of self-determination, but also low tariffs, peace, freedom of seas)
|
1920 | 1921 | Warren Harding
|
*Ohio Republican, elected on pro-business, tax reform agenda (lowered taxes)
|
1921 | Calvin Coolidge
|
*New Hampshire Republican
| |
1924 | 1925 | Calvin Coolidge | |
1928 | 1929 | Herbert Hoover
|
*Republican, made famous by helping feed and rebuild Europe after WWI (appointed by Woodrow Wilson as Director of U.S. Food Commission)
|
FDR/ New Deal/ WWII[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1932 | 1933 | Franklin Roosevelt
|
*NY Democrat
|
1936 | 1937 | FDR reelected
– failed “court packing scheme” but Supreme Court starts more favorable rulings for economic interventions
|
FDR’s second term
|
1940 | 1941 | FDR reelected
|
WWII starts 1941 |
1944 | 1945-1945 | FDR reelected | died in office 1945 |
1945 | Harry Truman | *assumes FDR’s term
| |
1948 | 1949 | Harry Truman | relection was unexpected ("Dewey Defeats Truman" headlines)
|
Cold War to 1970s[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1952 | 1953 | Dwight Eisenhower | |
1956 | 1957 | Dwight Eisenhower | |
1960 | 1961-1963 | John F. Kennedy | |
1963 | Lyndon B. Johnson | ||
1964 | 1965 | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
1968 | 1969 | Richard M. Nixon | |
1972 | 1972-1973 | Richard M. Nixon | |
1973 | Gerald Ford | ||
1976 | 1977 | James "Jimmy" Carter |
|
1980s to Current[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1980 | 1981 | Ronald Reagan |
|
1984 | 1985 | Ronald Reagan |
|
1988 | 1989 | George H.W. Bush |
|
1992 | 1993 | Bill Clinton |
|
1996 | 1997 | Bill Clinton |
|
2000 | 2001 | George H. Bush |
|
2004 | 2005 | George H. Bush |
|
2008 | 2009 | Barack Obama |
|
2012 | 2013 | Barack Obama | |
2016 | 2017 | Donald Trump | |
2020 | 2021 | Joseph Biden |