Movement: Difference between revisions
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'''Movement''' | |||
>> see [[Time]] | >> see [[Time]] | ||
[category: Social Studies Concepts] | [category: Social Studies Concepts] | ||
Movement & Geography | Concept: Movement & Geography | ||
== Time, Distance, Communication & Movement == | == Time, Distance, Communication & Movement == | ||
* time | * time measured by distance | ||
* defined by geography | * distance defined by geography | ||
** barriers to movement | |||
** facilitators to movement | |||
** see Roman map | |||
* technological advance is to overcome barriers to movement of geography and distance | * technological advance is to overcome barriers to movement of geography and distance | ||
* See also: | |||
** [[Geography]] | |||
** [[Social Studies Skills]] | |||
== Forms of Human Movement== | |||
* walking / running | * land | ||
** Greece: marathona | ** walking / running | ||
** Inca runners served to communicate across empire | *** Greece: marathona | ||
*** Inca runners served to communicate across empire | |||
** animal propulsion | |||
*** domestication of animals for transport | |||
* water | * water | ||
** currents | ** rivers | ||
*** rivers = highway and a moat | |||
** coastal travel | |||
** transoceanic travel | |||
* currents | |||
*** easiest movement by boats designed to flow with the current | |||
*** ex. Babylonian inflatable boats made of animal skin/ guts used to float down Euphrates River | |||
** paddle/ oars | ** paddle/ oars | ||
** | *** liquid | ||
* | * wind & sail | ||
* | |||
* mechanized propulsion | * mechanized propulsion | ||
== Animal Propulsion == | |||
** horses | ** horses | ||
*** prior to domestication horses were hunted for food | *** prior to domestication horses were hunted for food | ||
| Line 36: | Line 52: | ||
*** camels to Arabia | *** camels to Arabia | ||
*** camels to Nile and Sahara/ Sub-Sahara Africa | *** camels to Nile and Sahara/ Sub-Sahara Africa | ||
== Movement by water == | |||
* Buoyancy / floating | |||
** see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy Buoyancy (wiki)] | |||
* History of boats: | |||
** See: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat#History Boat History (wiki)] | |||
=== Human-Powered Boats === | === Human-Powered Boats === | ||
* | * poles for propulsion | ||
* | * rafts | ||
* oars | * oars & paddles | ||
** | ** canoes | ||
* | *** dugout canoes | ||
*** bark canoes | |||
*** kayaks | |||
** large canoes & catamarans | |||
** catamaran designed for stability | |||
* sail & wind-powered propulsion | |||
** square sail | |||
** lateen sail | |||
* mechanized propulsion | |||
=== Sail === | === Sail === | ||
[[File:Priests traveling across kealakekua bay for first contact rituals.jpg||right|thumb|400px|Priests traveling across kealakekua bay for first contact rituals (wiki)]] | |||
* wind propulsion | * wind propulsion | ||
* Egypt | * Polynesian catamarans | ||
=== Mechanized Transportation | * Egypt << see Egypt outline for boats, ropes, etc. | ||
== History of human movement == | |||
* migration & land bridges | |||
* development of boats | |||
** implied evidence of early use of boats: | |||
*** settlement of Crete c. 130,000 BC | |||
*** settlement of Australia, c. 40,000 BC | |||
* >> to do | |||
== Navigation == | |||
* Polynesian navigation | |||
** See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_navigation Polynesian Navigation (wiki)] | |||
== Mechanized Transportation == | |||
* revolution in distance and time | * revolution in distance and time | ||
* cultural diffusion accelerated | * cultural diffusion accelerated | ||
* steamboats | * steamboats | ||
** prior to steam boats, the Mississippi River provided transportation in one direction only, downstream. With steam, boats could journy upstream, which allowed for trade to flow both | ** prior to steam boats, the Mississippi River provided transportation in one direction only, downstream. With steam, boats could journy upstream, which allowed for trade to flow both north and south. | ||
*** see [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Mississippi Steamboats of the Mississippi]] | *** see [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Mississippi Steamboats of the Mississippi]] | ||
* railroads caused need for time zones | * railroads caused need for time zones | ||
| Line 60: | Line 106: | ||
* trucks | * trucks | ||
* airplanes | * airplanes | ||
== Communication & Time, Space & Distance == | |||
** communication across distance was a function of movement | ** communication across distance was a function of movement | ||
** writing revolutionizes time by bringing distances together through communication across distance | ** writing revolutionizes time by bringing distances together through communication across distance | ||
** with new forms of transportation, communication was speeded over time (horse, boat, sail, railroad, airplane, etc) | ** with new forms of transportation, communication was speeded over time (horse, boat, sail, railroad, airplane, etc) | ||
* modern communications | * modern communications revolution | ||
* speed of correspondences measured by distance (letter-writing) | * speed of correspondences measured by distance (letter-writing) | ||
* telegraph revolutionizes | * telegraph revolutionizes ability to send messages over distance instantaneously | ||
** trans-Atlantic cable | ** trans-Atlantic cable | ||
*** origins of the Associated Press | *** origins of the Associated Press | ||
Latest revision as of 14:41, 3 March 2021
Movement >> see Time [category: Social Studies Concepts]
Concept: Movement & Geography
Time, Distance, Communication & Movement[edit | edit source]
- time measured by distance
- distance defined by geography
- barriers to movement
- facilitators to movement
- see Roman map
- technological advance is to overcome barriers to movement of geography and distance
- See also:
Forms of Human Movement[edit | edit source]
- land
- walking / running
- Greece: marathona
- Inca runners served to communicate across empire
- animal propulsion
- domestication of animals for transport
- walking / running
- water
- rivers
- rivers = highway and a moat
- coastal travel
- transoceanic travel
- rivers
- currents
- easiest movement by boats designed to flow with the current
- ex. Babylonian inflatable boats made of animal skin/ guts used to float down Euphrates River
- paddle/ oars
- liquid
- wind & sail
- mechanized propulsion
Animal Propulsion[edit | edit source]
- horses
- prior to domestication horses were hunted for food
- cattle
- camels
- ability to cross large distances with heavy loads (25-30 miles / day)
- ability to survive distances without water
- related to metabolism and not the "hump" which is made of fat and provides energy (food) and not water
- ability to withstand absence of water related to conserve water and to adjust its body temperature in order to avoid sweating
- originally from the Americas: related to the Llama
- sources:
- migrated to Asia where they were domesticated in central Asia
- camels to Arabia
- camels to Nile and Sahara/ Sub-Sahara Africa
- horses
Movement by water[edit | edit source]
- Buoyancy / floating
- see Buoyancy (wiki)
- History of boats:
- See: Boat History (wiki)
Human-Powered Boats[edit | edit source]
- poles for propulsion
- rafts
- oars & paddles
- canoes
- dugout canoes
- bark canoes
- kayaks
- large canoes & catamarans
- catamaran designed for stability
- canoes
- sail & wind-powered propulsion
- square sail
- lateen sail
- mechanized propulsion
Sail[edit | edit source]
- wind propulsion
- Polynesian catamarans
- Egypt << see Egypt outline for boats, ropes, etc.
History of human movement[edit | edit source]
- migration & land bridges
- development of boats
- implied evidence of early use of boats:
- settlement of Crete c. 130,000 BC
- settlement of Australia, c. 40,000 BC
- implied evidence of early use of boats:
- >> to do
[edit | edit source]
- Polynesian navigation
Mechanized Transportation[edit | edit source]
- revolution in distance and time
- cultural diffusion accelerated
- steamboats
- prior to steam boats, the Mississippi River provided transportation in one direction only, downstream. With steam, boats could journy upstream, which allowed for trade to flow both north and south.
- railroads caused need for time zones
- before the need to create regular schedules across great distances, time was measured locally by the position of the sun
- with rapid movement by rail, the need for a comman, relative measurement of time became important in order to organize the rail system and its schedules: time zones were the solution, creating a single period of time across a large distance that could be calibrated against other time "zones"
- local rail / trolleys
- automobiles
- trucks
- airplanes
Communication & Time, Space & Distance[edit | edit source]
- communication across distance was a function of movement
- writing revolutionizes time by bringing distances together through communication across distance
- with new forms of transportation, communication was speeded over time (horse, boat, sail, railroad, airplane, etc)
- modern communications revolution
- speed of correspondences measured by distance (letter-writing)
- telegraph revolutionizes ability to send messages over distance instantaneously
- trans-Atlantic cable
- origins of the Associated Press
- Morse Code
- photographs transmitted by telegraph
- trans-Atlantic cable
- telephone
- transmission of voice over distance (still using wires)
- radio
- transmission of voice or code over distance without wires
- television
- transmission of moving or live images over distance without wires
- facsimile machines
- ability to send copies of documents over telephone lines
- cellular phones
- more practical than radio
- internet