Turning points: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 13:19, 15 October 2024

Turning Points (or Paradigm Shifts)

Objectives:

to evaluate change and its causes and effects
to comprehend and compare time, change, and causality
to evaluate why change does not occur (stability v. change)
to comprehend that different things take place at different places and times across history (Contingency)

Note:

this page can be used alternatively with timelines, or be used to generate timelines

Major Turning Points in World History[edit | edit source]

Prehistory[edit | edit source]

Paleolithic Age[edit | edit source]

Early Hominids
- fire
- tools
domestication of dogs
Cro-Magnum man:
- >> link to early modern humans page

[Ice Age]

settlement of the Americas

{End of Ice Age] (Holocene Era)[edit | edit source]

Natufian society
settlement
rise of the oceans

Neolithic Age[edit | edit source]

semi-permanent or permanent settlement
- domestication of plants
- domestication of herd animals

Rise of Civilization[edit | edit source]

metal working
- Copper Age
- Bronze Age
domestication of horses for transportation
domestication of camels for transportation
rise of cities and complex social structures

Civilization[edit | edit source]

writing[edit | edit source]

oral traditions made permanent with writing
written law (Hammuarabi's Code)

stages of writing[edit | edit source]

drawings
symbols
pictographs
glyphs
hieroglyphs
logograms
phonetic symbols
script
alphabet

technologies[edit | edit source]

Iron Age
- mass
astronomy & mathematics
- navigation
- architecture
- warfare

empires[edit | edit source]

Akkadian empire (first empire)
Qin Dynasty
Persian empire
Roman empire

Classical period[edit | edit source]

Hellenistic Age
Athens
Rome

key events and years 4000 BC to 1 AD[edit | edit source]

1177 BC

Bronze Age Collapse

1 AD

birth of Christ

key events and years 1 AD to modern period[edit | edit source]

313

Edict of Milan: officially tolerates Christians across Roman Empire

325

Constantine the Great unifies Roman empire

476

Collapse of western Roman empire

632 Mohammad dies

732

Battle of Tours

1206

Genghis Kahn arises

1215

Magna Carta

1453

Fall of Byzantium to Ottomans

1455

Gutenberg invents moveable type press

1487

Aztec completion of the Sixth Temple at the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan
- the population of Tenochtitlan was between 200,000-400,000 (see Tenochtitlan)

1488

Portuguese reach Indian Ocean via Africa Bartolomeu Dias

1492

Columbus discover of America
other
- Machiavelli

1517

Luther's 95 Theses
sparks Protestant Reformation

1588 English defeat of Spanish Armada

rise of Britain
decline of Spain

1648

Treat of Westphalia ends 30 Years War
ruinous political and religious war ends w/ independent German states able to choose religion (protestant v. Catholic)

1688

British Glorious Revolution
- ended British divine rule and affirmed Parliament's power

1740

Federick the Great of Prussia
Catherine the Great of Russia
balance of power shifts away from Austria

1776

Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

1789

US Constitution affirmed and election / inauguration of Washington as 1st president
French Revolution

1815

Congress of Vienna restores monarchies after fall of Napoleon

1848

popular & radical revolts in Europe fail

1870

unification of Germany

1914-18 WWI

1917

Russian communist revolution

1929

Stock Market crash

1930s

Great Depression
rise of Hitler and the German National Socialist Party (Nazi)

1939-45

WWII

1989

collapse of Soviet Union

Modern technologies[edit | edit source]

Franklin Stove
lightning rod
Thomas Crapper
electricity
automobile
medicine
modern Air Conditioner 1902 by Willis Carrier
first home air conditioner, 1914
installation of air conditioners in motive theaters: 1925
common use of air conditioners in homes: 1950s
- sources:
  - History of Air Conditioning

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 * oral traditions made permanent with writing
 * written law (Hammuarabi's Code)
-*
+==== stages of writing ====
+* drawings
+* symbols
+* pictographs
+* glyphs
+* hieroglyphs
+* logograms
+* phonetic symbols
+* script
+* alphabet
 === technologies ===
@@ Line 73: / Line 84: @@
 * Athens
 * Rome
-=== key events and years 5000 BC to 1 AD ====
+=== key events and years 4000 BC to 1 AD ===
-[[File:Bronze Age End.svg|thumb|Bronze Age End]]
+[[File:Bronze Age End.svg|thumb|right|450px|Bronze Age Collapse c. 1200 BC (wikipedia)]]
 BC
 * Bronze Age Collapse
@@ Line 87: / Line 98: @@
 * Edict of Milan: officially tolerates Christians across Roman Empire
-Constantine the Great unifies Roman empire
+* Constantine the Great unifies Roman empire
@@ Line 99: / Line 110: @@
 * Battle of Tours
+* Genghis Kahn arises
-Genghis Kahn
 * Magna Carta
@@ Line 111: / Line 121: @@
-* Gutenburg invents moveable type press
+* Gutenberg invents moveable type press
+* Aztec completion of the Sixth Temple at the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan
+** the population of Tenochtitlan was between 200,000-400,000 (see [[Tenochtitlan]])
@@ Line 119: / Line 134: @@
 * Columbus discover of America
 * other
-** Machiaveli
+** Machiavelli
@@ Line 130: / Line 145: @@
-* Treat of Westphaia ends 30 Years War
+* Treat of Westphalia ends 30 Years War
-* ruinous religious war ends w/ German states able to choose religion (protestant v. Catholic
+* ruinous political and religious war ends w/ independent German states able to choose religion (protestant v. Catholic)
@@ Line 143: / Line 158: @@
+* Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
@@ Line 153: / Line 170: @@
 * popular & radical revolts in Europe fail
@@ Line 160: / Line 176: @@
 -18
 WWI
+* Russian communist revolution
 * Stock Market crash
+s
+* Great Depression
+* rise of Hitler and the German National Socialist Party (Nazi)
 -45
@@ Line 190: / Line 214: @@
 [[category:World History]]
+[[Category:Timelines]]
+[[Category:Time]]
+[[Category:History]]