AP US History Presidents timeline: Difference between revisions
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|1788-89 | |1788-89 | ||
|1789 | |1789 | ||
|Washington | |'''George Washington''' | ||
| | * establishing executive branch & defining its powers | ||
* national unity | |||
* war debt | |||
* managing divisive politics (Hamilton v. Jefferson) | |||
|'''Main goal: set precedents for presidency''' | |||
* establish executive authority | * establish executive authority | ||
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* operate new government under Constitution | * operate new government under Constitution | ||
** how to interpret? Strict v loose interpretation | ** how to interpret? Strict v loose interpretation | ||
** = debate between Jeffersonians and Hamiltonians | |||
** how to raise revenue | |||
* National Debt = huge issue | * National Debt = huge issue | ||
* deal to pay state debts cut in exchange for placement of DC in Maryland/VA | * deal to pay state debts cut in exchange for placement of DC in Maryland/ VA | ||
* War between France and Britain, starting 1792 | |||
* | ** divided American sentiments | ||
** Hamiltonians/Adams: sympathized with Britain for standing against the French Revolution and its principles | |||
* | ** Jeffersonians: sympathized with democratic values of French Revolution | ||
* | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1792 | |1792 | ||
|1793 | |1793 | ||
|Washington | |'''George Washington''' | ||
* treaties with Britain & Spain to consolidate US territory | |||
* French diplomat who tried to raise money & arms for French war w/ Britain | * exercising federal power to put down Whiskey Rebeliion | ||
* Farwell Address | |||
* Two-term precedent | |||
| | |||
* "Citizen Genet" (1793) affair | |||
** French diplomat who tried to raise money & arms for French war w/ Britain | |||
** marked division between Americans who | |||
* Whiskey Rebellion (1794) | |||
** Washington sends federal troops to enforce tax collection | |||
** established Washington’s willingness to use executive powers | |||
* Jay's Treaty (1794) | * Jay's Treaty (1794) | ||
** Treaty proposal written by Hamilton, negotiated w/ British by Secretary of State John Jay | |||
* | *** = prevented war | ||
** causes: | |||
*** British occupied forts in U.S. Northwest Territory and along Canadian border | |||
*** US reneged on paymenbt | |||
= prevented war | ** Britain agreed to leave U.S. Territory | ||
** | |||
** US agreed to pay some war debts | ** US agreed to pay some war debts | ||
** established "arbitration" as a means of settling disputes | |||
** | *** first effective use of arbitration, which would become the dominant form of diplomatic resolution (short of war) into the 20th century | ||
* opposition to Jay's Treaty | |||
** 1796: House of Reps demanded White House documents from the treaty, Washington refused, | ** Jeffersonians hated its trade preferences w/ Britain | ||
** southerners felt betrayed by Jay for not pursuing compensation for losses of slaves during the Revoluationary War | |||
** 1796: House of Reps demanded White House documents from the treaty, | |||
** Washington refused, | |||
*** = establishing "executive privilege" | |||
* Treaty of San Lorenzo (1796) | * Treaty of San Lorenzo (1796) | ||
** also called "Pinckney's Treaty" | ** also called "Pinckney's Treaty" | ||
** agreement w/ Spain for US access to Miss. River | ** agreement w/ Spain for US access to Miss. River | ||
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* avoid foreign entanglements | * avoid foreign entanglements | ||
Other events/ Themes | |||
* Setting the example for future Presidents | |||
** dignity of office | |||
** two terms limit | |||
** representing the entire nation | |||
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Revision as of 17:49, 9 May 2024
AP US History – Presidents Timeline w/ Events & Themes
Washington administration[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1788-89 | 1789 | George Washington
|
Main goal: set precedents for presidency
|
1792 | 1793 | George Washington
|
Other events/ Themes
|
Early Republic: Adams to Monroe[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1796 | 1797 | Adams | *avoided war w/ France
= "nullification"
Leads to:
= establishes judicial review |
1800 | 1801 | Jefferson | *Revolution of 1800
* majority winner requirement rewards 2-party system
Louisiana Purchase (1802)
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1804 | 1805 | Jefferson | *British-French conflict:
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1808 | 1809 | Madison | Events leading to War of 1812
* Fr agreed to trade w US, in exchange for US stopping trade w/ Briotain * British step up embargo & impressment
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1812 | 1813 | Madison | Effects of War of 1812:
* federalists demanded changes in Constitution required 2/3ds vote for trade, new states, and limiting president to 1 term
* manufacturing increased during the War of 1812
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1816 | 1817 | Monroe | Era of Good Feelings
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1820 | 1821 | Monroe | *Monroe Doctrine (1823)
* US would not accept any new colonization efforts by Euopeans * Europe not to interfere in Americas (including Russia bc Russia was tyring to colonize Alaska)
|
Antebellum[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1824 | 1825 | John Quincy Adams | Election of 1824:
Adams as president:
nullification movement starts
|
1828 | 1829 | Jackson | *1st president not born in Virginia or named Adams
= westerner, Tennessee * considered self-made man
Issues:
* vetoed new charter * put federal money in other banks * paper money, supported "hard currency" = gold and silver (note: silver later seen as soft money after numerous mines discovered in late 1800s)
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1832 | 1833 | Jackson | Indian affairs:
* Dade Massacre, 1835
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1836 | 1837 | Van Buren | Van Buren continued Jackson economic policies, anti-national bank
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1840 | 1841-1841 | William Henry Harrison | elected 1840 as a Whig
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1841 | John Tyler assumes office | John Tyler = former Democrat, assumed office as Whig (VP to Harrison)
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1844 | 1845 | James K. Polk | * defeated Henry Clay in presidential election
Mexican-American War, 1846-48
* no territory taken from Mexico could have slavery
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1848 | 1847-1850 | Zachary Taylor | from Virginia, not a politician, recruited by the Whigs to run for president given his fame as military hero from Mexican-American War
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1850 | Millard Fillmore assumes office | Whig from upstate New York
biggest event: Compromise of 1850
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1852 | 1853 | Franklin Pierce | *pro-Southern northerner Democrat
* goal was to expand U.S. slavery
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1856 | 1857 | James S. Buchanan | *pro-Southern, northern Democrat
* does nothing to stop it, especially after Lincoln’s election (Nov. 1860) up to leaving office in March, 1861 |
Lincoln, Civil War, Reconstruction[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1860 | 1861 | Abraham Lincoln | Rise of Lincoln’ political career
Stories:
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1864 | 1865-1865 | Abraham Lincoln | *“western” Republican – from Illinois
* Douglas wins the election
= let people in states and territories decide for themselves
* slavery wrong, but didn’t argue against ending it, only containing it to where it already existed (South) * sought to contain and not banish slavery
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”
In 1862 issued Emancipation Proclamation:
See concepts chart for more on Lincoln’s war strategies |
1865 | Andrew Johnson assumes office | * border state politician
* override his veto of Civil Rights Act of 1866, which gave citizenship to freedmen (this is before 14th</sup* Amendment)
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1868 | 1869 | Ullysses S. Grant | *war hero, elected easily
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1872 | 1873 | Ullysses S. Grant | *lost popularity bc of corruption in his government
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Gilded Age, Industrialization, Immigration[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1876 | 1877 | Hayes | *Republican, Civil War general, supporter of Reconstruction
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1880 | 1881-1881 | James Garfield | * Republican, Civil War general
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1881 | 1881-1885 | Chester Arthur assumes office | * Panic of 1884 led to public discontent and election of Cleveland |
1884 | 1885 | Cleveland | *only president to serve two, non-consecutive terms
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1888 | 1889 | Benjamin Harrison | * Republican, grandson of President William Henry Harrison
= “protectionism”
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1892 | 1893 | Grover S. Cleveland | *campaigned on reducing the tariff rates
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1896 | 1897 | William McKinley
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*raised tariffs via Dingley Tariff of 1897
Spanish-American War, 1898
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1900 | 1901-1901 | William McKinley | *McKinley hugely popular following Span-Am war, easily reelected
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Progressive Era[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1901 | Theodore Roosevelt
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*NY Republican, known as “TR” and “Teddy”
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1904 | 1905 | Theodore Roosevelt | *won landslide election, 1904
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1908 | 1909 | William Howard Taft
Trust busting Dollar Diplomacy |
*Ohio Republican
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1912 | 1913 | Woodrow Wilson
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*southern Democrat, progressive
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1916 | 1917 | Woodrow Wilson
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*won 2nd</sup* term promising to keep US out of WWI
After the War, Wilson went to Europe to negotiate peace deal and promote his “Fourteen Points” agenda for world affairs (democratic ideals such as of self-determination, but also low tariffs, peace, freedom of seas)
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1920 | 1921 | Warren Harding
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*Ohio Republican, elected on pro-business, tax reform agenda (lowered taxes)
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1921 | Calvin Coolidge
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*New Hampshire Republican
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1924 | 1925 | Calvin Coolidge | |
1928 | 1929 | Herbert Hoover
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*Republican, made famous by helping feed and rebuild Europe after WWI (appointed by Woodrow Wilson as Director of U.S. Food Commission)
|
FDR/ New Deal/ WWII[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1932 | 1933 | Franklin Roosevelt
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*NY Democrat
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1936 | 1937 | FDR reelected
– failed “court packing scheme” but Supreme Court starts more favorable rulings for economic interventions
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FDR’s second term
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1940 | 1941 | FDR reelected
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WWII starts 1941 |
1944 | 1945-1945 | FDR reelected | died in office 1945 |
1945 | Harry Truman | *assumes FDR’s term
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1948 | 1949 | Harry Truman | relection was unexpected ("Dewey Defeats Truman" headlines)
|
Cold War to 1970s[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1952 | 1953 | Dwight Eisenhower | |
1956 | 1957 | Dwight Eisenhower | |
1960 | 1961-1963 | John F. Kennedy | |
1963 | Lyndon B. Johnson | ||
1964 | 1965 | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
1968 | 1969 | Richard M. Nixon | |
1972 | 1972-1973 | Richard M. Nixon | |
1973 | Gerald Ford | ||
1976 | 1977 | James "Jimmy" Carter |
1980s to Current[edit | edit source]
Election year | Term Start Year | President | Notes / Events/ Themes |
1980 | 1981 | Ronald Reagan |
|
1984 | 1985 | Ronald Reagan |
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1988 | 1989 | George H.W. Bush |
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1992 | 1993 | Bill Clinton |
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1996 | 1997 | Bill Clinton |
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2000 | 2001 | George H. Bush |
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2004 | 2005 | George H. Bush |
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2008 | 2009 | Barack Obama |
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2012 | 2013 | Barack Obama | |
2016 | 2017 | Donald Trump | |
2020 | 2021 | Joseph Biden |