Geography vocabulary: Difference between revisions
(adding rivers and other) |
|||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%"> | ||
text | text | ||
* for bullets | |||
* '''>''' for bullets with bold | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
* Click EXPAND to see list of important >> | * Click EXPAND to see list of important >> | ||
Line 32: | Line 34: | ||
* Tropic of Cancer | * Tropic of Cancer | ||
* Tropic of Capricorn | * Tropic of Capricorn | ||
== Physical Geography == | |||
* the study of the elements that constitute the earth's surface and how they interact | |||
** includes meteorology, which is the study of weather and weather prediction | |||
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Physical geography(wiki)]] | |||
== Water bodies == | == Water bodies == | ||
Line 39: | Line 46: | ||
* man-made straits that connect two larger bodies of water | * man-made straits that connect two larger bodies of water | ||
* canals provide important water passage to connect water bodies that would otherwise require long-distance water travel around land bodies or continents | * canals provide important water passage to connect water bodies that would otherwise require long-distance water travel around land bodies or continents | ||
** usually canals are built across isthmuses | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%"> | ||
* Bahr Yussef | * Bahr Yussef | ||
Line 59: | Line 67: | ||
=== delta === | === delta === | ||
=== gulf === | |||
=== lake === | === lake === | ||
=== ocean === | === ocean === | ||
Line 94: | Line 103: | ||
=== river === | === river === | ||
* rivers flow downhill, usually but not always into an ocean | |||
** upstream v. downstream | |||
* tributary | |||
* estuary | |||
* Gulf of Ob | |||
** world's longest estuary | |||
** fed by the Ob River and feeding into the Kara Sea (part of the Arctic Ocean) | |||
* | |||
* delta | |||
* silt | |||
* flow & discharge | |||
** measurement of the amount of water a river carries | |||
* Ten longest rivers in the world | |||
** note: there is always a dispute over these lists as to the exact measurement | |||
** this list is derived from ** See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_lengthList of rivers by length (wiki)]] | |||
*** which measures total length of river systems (i.e., includes tributaries) | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%"> | |||
* Nile | |||
1. '''Nile''' (Africa; flows into Mediterranean Sea) | |||
2. '''Amazon'''(South America; flows into Atlantic Ocean) | |||
3. '''Yangtze'''(China; flows into East China Sea | |||
4. '''Mississippi'''(North America; flows into Gulf of Mexico) | |||
5. '''Yenisei'''(Mongolia-Russia; flows into Kara Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean) | |||
6. '''Yellow or Huang He'''(China; flows into Bohai Sea, part of the Yellow Sea) | |||
7. '''Ob''' (northern Asia; flows into the Gulf of Ob, feeding into the Kara Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean) | |||
8. '''Rio de la Plata-Parana'''(South America; flows into the Rio de la Plata estuary, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean) | |||
9. '''Congo''' (Central Africa; flows into the Atlantic Ocean | |||
10. '''Amur'''(northern Asia, flows into the Sea of Okhost, part of the Pacific Ocean) | |||
</div> | |||
* Click EXPAND to see list of the ten longest rivers | |||
=== stream === | === stream === | ||
=== oasis === | |||
* See Ancient Egypt outline | |||
See also: | |||
* Hydrology / water cycle | |||
* | |||
== Land forms == | == Land forms == | ||
=== | === cape === | ||
* a "headland", "promontory" or large body of land that extends into a larger water body, usually an ocean or a sea | * a "headland", "promontory" or large body of land that extends into a larger water body, usually an ocean or a sea | ||
** "headland" is a "coastal landform," usually with a high point and cliffs | ** "headland" is a "coastal landform," usually with a high point and cliffs | ||
Line 128: | Line 178: | ||
=== peninsula === | === peninsula === | ||
== Major world regions == | |||
* 12 major regions | |||
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_physiographic_regions_of_the_worldList of Physiographic Regions per continent (wiki)]] | |||
* however, below for typical regions per continent | |||
=== Americas === | === Americas === | ||
* North America | * North America | ||
Line 224: | Line 280: | ||
* Pitcaren Islands in Polynesia, are the least populated political entity in the world (67 residents) | * Pitcaren Islands in Polynesia, are the least populated political entity in the world (67 residents) | ||
** Vatican City, for example, has 825 residents | ** Vatican City, for example, has 825 residents | ||
* Rio de la Plata is the widest river in the world (max width: 140 mi) | |||
** the Rio de la Plata is considered a river, estuary, gulf or "marginal sea" | |||
** it is fed by the Uruguay and Parana rivers at Punta Gorda ("fat point" | |||
== Climate == | == Climate == |
Revision as of 15:19, 11 March 2021
Geography Vocabulary
- code for EXPAND/COLLAPSE functions:
code:
text
- for bullets
- > for bullets with bold
- Click EXPAND to see list of important >>
Five Themes of Geography[edit | edit source]
- Location
- Absolute Location
- Relative Location
- Regions
- Place
- Movement
- Human-Environment Interaction (Relationships within Places)
- Cultural Diffusion
- See [Social Studies Skills]
Map terminology[edit | edit source]
- Latitude
- Longitude
- Equator
- Prime Meridian
- International Dateline
- Meridians
- Parallels
- a.m. / p.m.
- equinox
- solstice
- Tropic of Cancer
- Tropic of Capricorn
Physical Geography[edit | edit source]
- the study of the elements that constitute the earth's surface and how they interact
- includes meteorology, which is the study of weather and weather prediction
- [Physical geography(wiki)]
Water bodies[edit | edit source]
bay[edit | edit source]
canal[edit | edit source]
- man-made straits that connect two larger bodies of water
- canals provide important water passage to connect water bodies that would otherwise require long-distance water travel around land bodies or continents
- usually canals are built across isthmuses
- Bahr Yussef
- connects the Nile to the Faiyum Oasis and Lake Moeris, built 2300 BC
- Canal of the Pharaohs
- connected the Nile to the Red Sea
- built by Necho II, Assyrian ruler of Egypt in 7th century BC
- Persian king Darius I bragged of building a canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea (6th century BC)
- Corinth Canal
- Grand Canal
- connected the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, built under the Sui dynasty (6th century AD)
- Suez Canal
- Panama Canal
- Click EXPAND to see list of important canals
channel[edit | edit source]
- synonymous with "strait" but usually referring to a smaller or less important strait
- see strait below
delta[edit | edit source]
gulf[edit | edit source]
lake[edit | edit source]
ocean[edit | edit source]
sea[edit | edit source]
strait[edit | edit source]
- a narrow body of water that connects larger bodies of water, or, a narrow channel that separates land masses
- synonymous with channel, passage, or pass
- implicit in the terminology is that the strait allows for navigation, or passage, from one larger body of water to another
- "strait comes from Old French "estreit" for "tight" or "narrow"
- important straits and channels
- Bosporus Strait
- connects Black Sea to Aegean/Mediterranean Seas
- Strait of Gibraltar
- connects Mediterranean Sea to Atlantic Ocean
- ancient Greeks called the promontories on either side of the Strait of Gibraltar the "Pillars of Hercules", which marked the passage from the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean
- Strait of Magellan
- connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
- the passageway near the southern tip of South America that was navigated by the explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who led the first expedition to circumnavigated the globe
- the Strait of Magellan is not "straight" -- is actually a U-shaped pathway formed by the Tierra del Fuego archipelago (chain of islands)
- Beagle Channel
- a second, less navigable passageway near the southern tip of South America that was navigated by Charles Darwin on the HMS Beagle
- NOTE: the open-ocean passageway, around the very tip of South America is called "Drake's Passage", named for English explorer Francis Drake who circumnavigated the globe
- Strait of Hormuz
- Bering Strait
- Strait of Messina
- Bab-el Mendeb Strait
- Strait of Malacca
- Strait of Dover
- Click EXPAND to see list of important straits
river[edit | edit source]
- rivers flow downhill, usually but not always into an ocean
- upstream v. downstream
- tributary
- estuary
- Gulf of Ob
- world's longest estuary
- fed by the Ob River and feeding into the Kara Sea (part of the Arctic Ocean)
- delta
- silt
- flow & discharge
- measurement of the amount of water a river carries
- Ten longest rivers in the world
- note: there is always a dispute over these lists as to the exact measurement
- this list is derived from ** See [of rivers by length (wiki)]
- which measures total length of river systems (i.e., includes tributaries)
- Nile
1. Nile (Africa; flows into Mediterranean Sea) 2. Amazon(South America; flows into Atlantic Ocean) 3. Yangtze(China; flows into East China Sea 4. Mississippi(North America; flows into Gulf of Mexico) 5. Yenisei(Mongolia-Russia; flows into Kara Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean) 6. Yellow or Huang He(China; flows into Bohai Sea, part of the Yellow Sea) 7. Ob (northern Asia; flows into the Gulf of Ob, feeding into the Kara Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean) 8. Rio de la Plata-Parana(South America; flows into the Rio de la Plata estuary, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean) 9. Congo (Central Africa; flows into the Atlantic Ocean 10. Amur(northern Asia, flows into the Sea of Okhost, part of the Pacific Ocean)
- Click EXPAND to see list of the ten longest rivers
stream[edit | edit source]
oasis[edit | edit source]
- See Ancient Egypt outline
See also:
- Hydrology / water cycle
Land forms[edit | edit source]
cape[edit | edit source]
- a "headland", "promontory" or large body of land that extends into a larger water body, usually an ocean or a sea
- "headland" is a "coastal landform," usually with a high point and cliffs
- "promontory" is a raised land body that extends into lower land or water
- promontories are often used a defensive positions for forts, castles and defensive positions
- a promontory in water is a peninsula
- Cape Canaveral - Florida
- Cape Cod - Massachusetts
- Cape Discord - Greenland
- Cape of Good Hope - South Africa
- Cape Horn - Chile
- southernmost headland, or tip of land, on Hornos Island, one of the Hermite Islands, the southernmost of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago at the southern tip of South America
- northern boundary of the Drake Passage
- Cape Kidnappers - New Zealand
- Cape Three Forks - Morocco
- Cape Vert - Senegal; the westernmost point of Africa
Click EXPAND for a list of important capes
[edit | edit source]
[edit | edit source]
continent[edit | edit source]
island[edit | edit source]
archipelago[edit | edit source]
- a series of geographically proximate or geologically similarly island, usually formed in a chain or a cluster
isthmus[edit | edit source]
land-bridge[edit | edit source]
peninsula[edit | edit source]
Major world regions[edit | edit source]
- 12 major regions
- however, below for typical regions per continent
Americas[edit | edit source]
- North America
- Central America
- South America
- Caribbean
Asia[edit | edit source]
- West Asia
- East Asia
- South Asia
- Southeastern Asia
Africa[edit | edit source]
- East Africa
- North Africa
- West Africa
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- South Africa
Australia[edit | edit source]
Europe[edit | edit source]
- Eastern Europe
- Western Europe
- Scandinavia
Other major regions terminology[edit | edit source]
- Eurasia
- Mediterranean
World oceanic regions[edit | edit source]
- Mediterranean
- Arabian Sea
- Indian Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Gulf of Mexico
- Caribbean Sea
- China Sea
- North Sea
- Macaronesia (Atlantic)
Oceania[edit | edit source]
- Oceania
- Pacific region in general, divided into
- Australasia
- Melanesia
- Micronesia
- Polynesia
- List of independent nations of Oceania:
- Australia
- East Timor
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Fiji
- Indonesia
- Only Papua, or Indonesian New Guinea is part of Oceania, whereas the rest of Indonesia is located in Southeast Asia
- Kiribati
- Marshall Islands
- Nauru
- New Zealand
- Palau
- Papua New Guinea
- Samoa
- Solomon Islands
- Tonga
- Tuvalu
- Vanuatu
- Also:
- Cook Islands and Niue are "associated states" with New Zealand
- Click EXPAND to see list of independent nations of Oceana
- See [List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania (wiki)]
Macaronesia[edit | edit source]
- island region in Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Portugal and West Africa
- volcanic islands
- Macaronesia consists of:
- Azores islands
- Portuguese territories
- Canary Islands
- Portuguese territories
- Madeira islands
- Spanish territories
- Cape Verde
- officially "Republic of Cabo Verde"
- it won independence from Portugal in 1975
- a democratic republic
- named for Cape Vert in Senegal, which is directly east of Cape Verde
- consists of 10 volcanic islands
- officially "Republic of Cabo Verde"
Fun Facts[edit | edit source]
- Pitcaren Islands in Polynesia, are the least populated political entity in the world (67 residents)
- Vatican City, for example, has 825 residents
- Rio de la Plata is the widest river in the world (max width: 140 mi)
- the Rio de la Plata is considered a river, estuary, gulf or "marginal sea"
- it is fed by the Uruguay and Parana rivers at Punta Gorda ("fat point"
Climate[edit | edit source]
Climate Zones[edit | edit source]
see also : [Climate (Geography)]