Domestication of plants and animals: Difference between revisions
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* break into separate articles for plants and animals | * break into separate articles for plants and animals | ||
== | == Domestication etymology == | ||
* "domestication" | * "domestication" | ||
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** or having been brought into a home or household | ** or having been brought into a home or household | ||
== | == Domestication origins timeline == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Domestication of Plants and Animals | |||
!20,000 BC | |||
!10,000 BC | |||
!5,000 BC | |||
!2,000 BC | |||
!1 AD | |||
!500 AD | |||
!1,000 AD | |||
!1500 AD | |||
|- | |||
|'''dogs,''' domestication dates uncertain, but between 25,000 and 12,000 BC | |||
|'''cattle, goats, pigs, sheep''' domesticated in the Fertile Cresent (Mideast) | |||
|'''pigs''' domesticated in Southeast Asia approx. 6,000 BC | |||
|'''chickens''' domesticated in East Asia approx. 2,000 BC | |||
|'''turkey''' domesticated in North America approx. 200-500 AD | |||
|'''camels''' used in trans-Saharan trade by 600'/700s AD | |||
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|- | |||
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|'''cattle''' | |||
domesticated in South Asia (in modern Pakistan) approx. 8,000 BC | |||
|'''horses'''first domesticated for milk approx. 4,000 BC | |||
|'''donkey''' domesticated in East Africa approx. 3,000-4,000 BC (were used Egypt by 2600-2800 BC and in the Middle East by 1800 BC) | |||
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|- | |||
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|'''cats''' may have been domesticated in Egypt approx. 3,000 BC | |||
|'''turkey''' domesticated in Mesoamerica approx. 1,000 BC | |||
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|- | |||
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|donkeys | |||
|'''camels''' domesticated in Central Asia approx. 2500 BC (and in Middle East approx. 900 BC) | |||
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|} | |||
== Domestication of animals == | |||
domestication of animals | * domestication of animals is distinct (different) from <u>'''taming'''</u> | ||
** taming = conditioning or changing the behavior of a wild animal to accept human presence | |||
** taming does not involve genetic modification via breeding | |||
* an animal is "domesticated" when traits are "selected for" by humans through breeding | |||
=== domesticated animal traits === | |||
* imprinting | |||
=== Camel === | |||
* originated in North America 40-50 million years ago, and spread to Asia | |||
* wild camels were killed off in the Americas by humans during early arrival periods to North America (Native Americans) | |||
* domesticated in central Asia approx. 2,500 BC | |||
* were in use in Middle East by 900 BC | |||
* introduced to Africa approx. 300 AD | |||
* Camels were used extensively for trans-Saharan trade by 600-700s AD | |||
** and were essential for spread of Islam | |||
=== Dog === | |||
=== Horse === | |||
* particularly useful in the Central Eurasian "Steppes" | |||
** high, flat, grassy lands | |||
* wild horses have unique ability to break through snow and ice in order to find grasses to eat | |||
** due to the unique bend of horse front legs, horses can "kick" | |||
* horse milk was a primary source for Vitamin C for steppe nomads | |||
=== Llama === | |||
* domesticated in Western South America | |||
* thought to have been an essential element in spread of agriculture in western South America for its dung which was used as fertilizer | |||
* used extensively by the Inca for food, milk, fiber (fur) and transport | |||
== Domestication of plants == |
Revision as of 15:28, 1 June 2023
Domestication of plants and animals
Article purpose:
- domestication of plants and animals as transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic
- sedentary lifestyle as preceding and not necessarily the result of that transition from paleolithic to neolithic
- domestication across time and space, including
- dogs
- horses
- grasses
- tubers (enlarged, fleshy stem, usually underground of plants such as carrots, potatoes, yams)
todo:
- see Lil J p. 236 on 3 advantages of Fertile Crescent
- break into separate articles for plants and animals
Domestication etymology[edit | edit source]
- "domestication"
- = act of taming, breeding, controlling plants and animals
- from domestic ("or or for the house") + -ation (making of)
- = making something of the house (home)
- from Latin domus for house, household, home
- from PIE *dem- meaning the same
- definitions and uses of the word "domestic"
- domestic (noun)
- a person who works in a house or home, generally for cleaning, cooking, child care
- a locally or nationally made product (not made overseas)
- domestic (adj)
- related to the household
- as in "domestic chores" or "domestic life"
- related, from, or made in a country
- as in "the domestic economy" or "domestic production"
- an animal kept in a house
- related to the household
- domestic (noun)
- domesticated
- past participle adjective
- = "having been tamed"
- generally for animals
- or having been brought into a home or household
Domestication origins timeline[edit | edit source]
20,000 BC | 10,000 BC | 5,000 BC | 2,000 BC | 1 AD | 500 AD | 1,000 AD | 1500 AD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dogs, domestication dates uncertain, but between 25,000 and 12,000 BC | cattle, goats, pigs, sheep domesticated in the Fertile Cresent (Mideast) | pigs domesticated in Southeast Asia approx. 6,000 BC | chickens domesticated in East Asia approx. 2,000 BC | turkey domesticated in North America approx. 200-500 AD | camels used in trans-Saharan trade by 600'/700s AD | ||
cattle
domesticated in South Asia (in modern Pakistan) approx. 8,000 BC |
horsesfirst domesticated for milk approx. 4,000 BC | donkey domesticated in East Africa approx. 3,000-4,000 BC (were used Egypt by 2600-2800 BC and in the Middle East by 1800 BC) | |||||
cats may have been domesticated in Egypt approx. 3,000 BC | turkey domesticated in Mesoamerica approx. 1,000 BC | ||||||
donkeys | camels domesticated in Central Asia approx. 2500 BC (and in Middle East approx. 900 BC) |
Domestication of animals[edit | edit source]
- domestication of animals is distinct (different) from taming
- taming = conditioning or changing the behavior of a wild animal to accept human presence
- taming does not involve genetic modification via breeding
- an animal is "domesticated" when traits are "selected for" by humans through breeding
domesticated animal traits[edit | edit source]
- imprinting
Camel[edit | edit source]
- originated in North America 40-50 million years ago, and spread to Asia
- wild camels were killed off in the Americas by humans during early arrival periods to North America (Native Americans)
- domesticated in central Asia approx. 2,500 BC
- were in use in Middle East by 900 BC
- introduced to Africa approx. 300 AD
- Camels were used extensively for trans-Saharan trade by 600-700s AD
- and were essential for spread of Islam
Dog[edit | edit source]
Horse[edit | edit source]
- particularly useful in the Central Eurasian "Steppes"
- high, flat, grassy lands
- wild horses have unique ability to break through snow and ice in order to find grasses to eat
- due to the unique bend of horse front legs, horses can "kick"
- horse milk was a primary source for Vitamin C for steppe nomads
Llama[edit | edit source]
- domesticated in Western South America
- thought to have been an essential element in spread of agriculture in western South America for its dung which was used as fertilizer
- used extensively by the Inca for food, milk, fiber (fur) and transport