Simple grammar cheat sheet: Difference between revisions

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* many words can operate across or as different parts of speech
* many words can operate across or as different parts of speech
** ex., an "attributive noun" acts as an adjective that modifies another noun ("'''''dog''''' food")  
** ex., an "attributive noun" acts as an adjective that modifies another noun ("'''''dog''''' food")  
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+PARTS OF SPEECH
!Part of Speech
!Definition
!Category
!Other
|-
|Adjective
|modifies nouns
|modifier
|
|-
|Adverb
|modifies verbs and adjectives
|modifier
|
|-
|Article
|identifies a known or unknown noun
("the" or "a"/"an")
|modifier
|
|-
|Conjunction
|joins or contrasts words and sentence parts
|grammatical
|
|-
|Determiner
|identifies specificity (these), quantity (five), amount (some), possession (our), sufficiency (enough) or a noun
|modifier
|
|-
|Interjection
|an exclamation or abrupt remark (What?, Yes!)
|grammatical
|
|-
|Noun
|a person, place or thing
|grammatical
|
|-
|Preposition
|identifies a relationship between a noun or a verb and another noun ("'''''on''''' the table", "to the store")
|modifier
|
|-
|Pronoun
|references a noun or a person (I, you, he/she/it, we, they, etc.)
|grammatical
|
|-
|Verb
|indicates action or existence
|grammatical
|
|}


== Modifier ==
== Modifier ==

Revision as of 01:25, 24 July 2022

Grammar

Syntax

Parts of Speech[edit | edit source]

  • categories for the role of a word in a sentence
  • such as adjective, adverb, noun, verb, etc.
  • many words can operate across or as different parts of speech
    • ex., an "attributive noun" acts as an adjective that modifies another noun ("dog food")
PARTS OF SPEECH
Part of Speech Definition Category Other
Adjective modifies nouns modifier
Adverb modifies verbs and adjectives modifier
Article identifies a known or unknown noun

("the" or "a"/"an")

modifier
Conjunction joins or contrasts words and sentence parts grammatical
Determiner identifies specificity (these), quantity (five), amount (some), possession (our), sufficiency (enough) or a noun modifier
Interjection an exclamation or abrupt remark (What?, Yes!) grammatical
Noun a person, place or thing grammatical
Preposition identifies a relationship between a noun or a verb and another noun ("on the table", "to the store") modifier
Pronoun references a noun or a person (I, you, he/she/it, we, they, etc.) grammatical
Verb indicates action or existence grammatical

Modifier[edit | edit source]

  • a word or set of words that "modify" or change, add to, qualify, or describe another word or another part of a sentence
  • some parts of speech are modifiers:
    • adjective, adverb, article, determiner, preposition
  • phrases and clauses can also act as modifiers

Sentence Parts[edit | edit source]

Subject[edit | edit source]

  • a noun
  • the actor
  • i.e., the person place or thing that does the action
  • in grammar, "subject" is in the sense of "to subject" or "to force into submission"
    • as in the "doer" of the sentence, the actor that causes the action
  • also related to the word "subjective," which means "from the perspective of"

Verb[edit | edit source]

  • word that expresses an action ("make") or existence ("be")
  • infinitive = "to" + the verb , as in "to make"
    • infinitives express the action in general but not the action itself
    • infinitives can operate as nouns or adjectives
      • as in "I want to go" ("to go" = the object of the verb "want")

Predicate[edit | edit source]

  • expresses what happens to the subject
  • i.e., = the verb + the result or outcome of an action

Object[edit | edit source]

  • the recipient of the action
    • i.e.,
  • direct object
  • indirect object

Sentence[edit | edit source]

  • a grammatically complete thought
    • contains a subject & verb/predicate

Clause[edit | edit source]

  • part of a sentence
  • has a subject & verb

Independent clause

Phrase[edit | edit source]

  • two or more words that
    • do not contain a subject & verb
    • form a distinct grammatical unit ("constituent")

Joining sentence parts[edit | edit source]

Punctuation[edit | edit source]

Colon[edit | edit source]