Pre-Columbian Americas: Difference between revisions
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[[Prehispanic Mesoamerica]] | See | ||
* [[Prehispanic Mesoamerica]] | |||
* [[Pre-Columbian Americas]] | |||
== pre-pottery Andean civilization == | |||
* west-slope of the Andes | |||
* changes in elevation within close proximity | |||
** provided multiple ecological environments | |||
** variety of | |||
** access to the ocean | |||
* population growth along three river valleys | |||
** Fortaleza, Pativilca, Caral-Supe rivers | |||
=== | === Norte Chico civilization, 3500-1800 BC === | ||
=== City of Caral === | |||
* | [[File:PiramidesdeCaral.JPG|thumb|Pyramids at Caral-Supe]] | ||
* the oldest city in the Americas is "Caral-Supe" or "Caral" in Peru | |||
** "Caral" is the city | |||
** "Supe" = the valley | |||
* built approx. 3,000 BC | |||
** contemporaneous (same time) with Ancient Egypt | ** contemporaneous (same time) with Ancient Egypt | ||
* population was approx, 3,000 | * population was approx, 3,000 | ||
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* shows no signs of warfare of defensive structures | * shows no signs of warfare of defensive structures | ||
==== Collapse ==== | |||
* earthquakes | |||
* wind-blown sand and sediment from wind shift towards inland from the sea | |||
** disrupted agriculture | |||
** disrupted fisheries | |||
Revision as of 15:12, 26 May 2022
See
pre-pottery Andean civilization[edit | edit source]
- west-slope of the Andes
- changes in elevation within close proximity
- provided multiple ecological environments
- variety of
- access to the ocean
- population growth along three river valleys
- Fortaleza, Pativilca, Caral-Supe rivers
Norte Chico civilization, 3500-1800 BC[edit | edit source]
City of Caral[edit | edit source]
- the oldest city in the Americas is "Caral-Supe" or "Caral" in Peru
- "Caral" is the city
- "Supe" = the valley
- built approx. 3,000 BC
- contemporaneous (same time) with Ancient Egypt
- population was approx, 3,000
- other similar sites suggest overall regional population of up to 20,000
- consists of ceremonial, monumental and administrative buildings/ structures
- city layout shows signs of social classes
- large residential complexes near to ceremonial structures
- small rooms in other areas
- built pyramids
- created the pattern of urban design in the Andes through to the Inca
- shows no signs of warfare of defensive structures
Collapse[edit | edit source]
- earthquakes
- wind-blown sand and sediment from wind shift towards inland from the sea
- disrupted agriculture
- disrupted fisheries
Americas to do
- Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Americas per region:
- North America: no smelting
- copper readily available, malleable by hammering
- South America developed smelting
- Mesoamerica metallurgy via South American diffusion
- North America: no smelting
- see: Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America - Wikipedia
- iron readily available
- gold / silver / copper
- gold hammered
- tumbaga: copper-gold alloy
- used for casting
- gems used extensively / jade
- obsidian used for edges/ knives/ cutting
- ability to cut stone
- but not wood
-
- source: The Minerals of Pre-Columbian America | Rock & Gem Magazine (rockngem.com)
-
- Andes region alloy use
- tin used for specific but not general purposes >> "wirework bells"
- tin deposits avail, not exploited
- tin used for specific but not general purposes >> "wirework bells"
- copper smelting in drafted furnaces
- mercury
- platinum developed in Andes region
- copper, gold, silver alloys
- technology adopted by Spanish
- sinnabar
- Andes region alloy use
- wood less useful
- charcoal not developed
- planks not exploited for buildings / ships