US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions
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**** Elizabeth subsequently cracked down on pro-Catholic agitators and sympathizers | **** Elizabeth subsequently cracked down on pro-Catholic agitators and sympathizers | ||
=== Thirty Years War, 1618-1648 === | === Thirty Years War, 1618-1648 === | ||
[[File:Habsburg dominions 1700.png|thumb|Habsburg possessions in Europe, ca 1700]] | |||
* background: | * background: | ||
** in 1500s, Protestant movements, mostly Lutheran, had spread across central and northern Europe | ** in 1500s, Protestant movements, mostly Lutheran, had spread across central and northern Europe | ||
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**** residents who did not wish to live under that religion would be free to leave without harassment | **** residents who did not wish to live under that religion would be free to leave without harassment | ||
*** these realms (principalities) would remain under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire | *** these realms (principalities) would remain under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire | ||
*** the | ** the Holy Roman Empire was a loose collection of states, either directly or indirectly ruled by Spain and Austria | ||
** the Holy Roman | *** direct Spanish rule included Netherlands, parts of northern Italy and southern Italy | ||
* | *** Austrian rule ("House of Habsburg") included Hungry, Bohemia (eastern Germany, largely today's Czech Republic) | ||
**** Austrian rule over German territories was loose and non-contiguous (not directly connected) | |||
* other causes: | |||
** spread of Protestantism beyond accepted borders under the Peace of Augsburg | |||
** growth of Calvinism, which was opposed by Lutherans and not protected under the Peace of Augsburg | |||
** economic competition between Calvinist and Lutheran states, including Baltic and Scandinavian countries (especially Sweden, which was Lutheran) | |||
* direct cause: | |||
** re-imposition of Catholicism and former Catholic properties in Bohemia led to a revolt there called the "Bohemian Revolt"; click EXPAND for notes on Bohemian Revolt: | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | |||
<pre> | |||
[[File:Prague Castle defenestration site.jpg|thumb|The window (top floor) where the defenestration occurred in 1618, when Protestant locals threw two Catholic agents of the Holy Roman Emperor out the window; they both survived]] | |||
* Bohemia had a long history of quasi-independence from Catholic rule | |||
** including the right to publish the Bible in Slavic (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius Saints Cyril and Methodius (wikipedia)] | |||
* Bohemian priest Jan Hus led a reform movement, especially in protest of papal selling of "indulgences" (forgiveness for sins for money) | |||
** Hus was excommunicated and burned at the stake in 1415 | |||
** Hus's followers led a successful peasant revolt in the "Hussite Wars" | |||
** ultimately, the Hussites surrendered to the Catholic King of Bohemia | |||
** Hus's reform movement came over 100 years before that of Church reformer Martin Luther (the 1517 "95 Theses"), who inherited Hus' ideas | |||
* the Bohemian Revolt (1618-1620) was precipitated when royal governors (agents of the Holy Roman Emperor) attempted retake Catholic properties and rule | |||
** Protestant leaders threw two of the royal governors out the window of a castle | |||
*** both survived | |||
*** the Catholics claimed that Mother Mary descended from heaven and gently set them on the ground | |||
*** the Protestants claimed that they fell into donkey dung, thus saving them from the fall | |||
*** one of the royal governors was later rewarded by the Emperor and given the title, "Baron of Highfall" | |||
</pre></div> | |||
** Catholic forces defeated the Bohemian protestants, but Denmark and Sweden joined the war, spreading it across Germany | |||
* '''overall, the Thirty Years War''': | |||
** war between Catholic and protestant nations & regions | |||
** war between protestant sects, principally Lutherans and Calvinists | |||
** tremendous negative impact on European populations & economies | ** tremendous negative impact on European populations & economies | ||
*** estimates of 4.5 to 8 million dead (some parts of Germany suffered 50% population declines) | *** estimates of 4.5 to 8 million dead (some parts of Germany suffered 50% population declines) | ||
** 1648 Peace of Westphalia | ** the war ended when the Holy Roman Emperor decided not to press further due to financial strain of the constant fighting | ||
*** | * 1648 '''Peace of Westphalia''' | ||
** the settlement created independent small states | |||
** indirectly established principles of "national sovereignty" and "non-interference" | |||
*** see [[wikipedia:Westphalian_sovereignty|Westphalian sovereignty (wikipedia)]] | |||
*** | ** created independent Dutch state (freed from control by Spain) | ||
*** England largely free of involvement or impact of 30 Years War | ** France, which joined the war late, was empowered by the war | ||
* | *** Spain and Austria were weakened | ||
*** England remained largely free of involvement or impact of 30 Years War | |||
* '''impact of Thirty Years War on American colonies''': | |||
** shift in European balance of power from Spain & Portugal to England, France & Netherlands | |||
** competition for American colonial possessions increased | |||
** increase in slave trade to include Dutch, French and English and not just Portuguese and French | |||
** | |||
=== English Civil War, 1642–1651=== | === English Civil War, 1642–1651=== | ||
* extremely violent, disruptive period across the British Isles, hundreds of thousands of deaths from combat | * extremely violent, disruptive period across the British Isles, hundreds of thousands of deaths from combat |
Revision as of 14:52, 30 October 2021
US History timeline & concept chart: American colonies 17th & mid-18th centuries
Objectives:
- to help students to
- associate timelines with events, persons, themes & concepts
- associate presidents with timelines, themes & concepts
- identify timelines with BIG IDEAS across periods of US history
- find connections and common themes across US history
- easily find relevant details for larger comprehension
- to help teachers to
- quickly review US History content for lesson planning
- provide students with easy and complete reference source for US history
Click EXPAND for a note for mobile phone users (already shows on mobile)
- these timeline & concept charts use tables in order to connect ideas, timelines, and major concepts
- tables are not mobile-friendly (they do not wrap to a single column)
- when these charts are complete, we will in the future convert the charts to mobile-friendly format as an alternative file
- we encourage you to use a tablet or larger monitor in order to see the charts here
Index
Page structure & format guide
U.S. History course pages:
Article objectives[edit | edit source]
- exploration & colonialism motives & purposes
- review of British internal politics, events, civil and religious conflicts
- impact of domestic Britain events, ideas & rule in American colonialism
- especially religious & political conflict, population & economic growth
- regional, economic, and demographic aspects of colonial expansion
- timeline up to the French-Indian War (1754)
Protestant Reformation, British political and religious conflicts & impact on American colonies[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation English Civil War Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America
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BIG IDEAS
DETAILS Protestant Reformation[edit | edit source]
Church of England & Protestantism in England[edit | edit source]
Thirty Years War, 1618-1648[edit | edit source]
[[File:Prague Castle defenestration site.jpg|thumb|The window (top floor) where the defenestration occurred in 1618, when Protestant locals threw two Catholic agents of the Holy Roman Emperor out the window; they both survived]] * Bohemia had a long history of quasi-independence from Catholic rule ** including the right to publish the Bible in Slavic (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius Saints Cyril and Methodius (wikipedia)] * Bohemian priest Jan Hus led a reform movement, especially in protest of papal selling of "indulgences" (forgiveness for sins for money) ** Hus was excommunicated and burned at the stake in 1415 ** Hus's followers led a successful peasant revolt in the "Hussite Wars" ** ultimately, the Hussites surrendered to the Catholic King of Bohemia ** Hus's reform movement came over 100 years before that of Church reformer Martin Luther (the 1517 "95 Theses"), who inherited Hus' ideas * the Bohemian Revolt (1618-1620) was precipitated when royal governors (agents of the Holy Roman Emperor) attempted retake Catholic properties and rule ** Protestant leaders threw two of the royal governors out the window of a castle *** both survived *** the Catholics claimed that Mother Mary descended from heaven and gently set them on the ground *** the Protestants claimed that they fell into donkey dung, thus saving them from the fall *** one of the royal governors was later rewarded by the Emperor and given the title, "Baron of Highfall"
English Civil War, 1642–1651[edit | edit source]
The Commonwealth (or Interregnum) & Charles Cromwell[edit | edit source]
English Reformation[edit | edit source]Significance of English Civil War[edit | edit source]
English Civil War impact on American colonies[edit | edit source]
Glorious Revolution & English Bill or Rights & Tolerance Act[edit | edit source]
|
British exploration and early settlements in North America[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
early British expeditions not successful because goals were to find gold & a route to Asia
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BIG IDEAS
DETAILS Early British explorations of North America[edit | edit source]
British governance of early colonies[edit | edit source]
Royal charters & mercantilism[edit | edit source]
Dominion of New England[edit | edit source]
Salutary neglect[edit | edit source]
click EXPAND for excerpt from Burke's speech to Parliament in 1775: “That I know that the colonies in general owe little or nothing to any care of ours, and that they are not squeezed into this happy form by the constraints of watchful and suspicious government, but that, through a wise and salutary neglect, a generous nature has been suffered to take her own way to perfection; when I reflect upon these effects, when I see how profitable they have been to us, I feel all the pride of power sink, and all presumption in the wisdom of human contrivances melt, and die away within me.” |
Early British North American colonization[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events | ||
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1651 British Navigation Act 1676 Bacon's Rebellion 1681, William Penn granted charter for Pennsylvania 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials 1721 British policy of "Salutary Neglect" |
British colonial population growth
Push / Pull factors
Joint Stock Company
Headright System
Indentured servants
Separatists (religious)
John Winthrop & "city upon a hill"
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS British colonial population growth & demographics[edit | edit source]
Early British settlements of North America[edit | edit source]
Joint-stock company[edit | edit source]
Jamestown, 1607[edit | edit source]
Virginia "tobacco economy"[edit | edit source]
instead of exchanging actual tobacco, these "receipts" were used
Headright System/Headrights[edit | edit source]
Colony of Maryland[edit | edit source]
Rhode Island & religious freedom * 1636 Rhode Island passed acts to prohibit religious persecution of "non-Trinitarians" ** "Trinitarian" refers to believers of the "Holy Trinity", which is a core Catholic belief ** Rhode Island is considered the first government to separate "Church and State" * 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act to enforce religious tolerance for Catholics ("Trinitarians") ** the Rhode Island and Maryland laws explicitly protected only Christians *** after the English Restoration, Rhode Island welcomed Quakers, Jews and others seeking religious liberty Rhode Island was started by Puritan Roger Williams who was exiled from Massachusetts Williams named Rhode Island "Providence Plantation" and established religious tolerance Quakers = "Religious Society of Friends" = Puritans who were considered extremists for their belief that the "Light of Christ" resided in every person in 1681, the Quaker William Penn traded a debt owed to his father by King Charles II for the province of Pennsylvania by 1685, 8,000 Quakers had moved to Pennsylvania Penn encouraged protestant German immigrants, including Lutherans, Mennonites, Amish, and other sects many of these groups settled on farm land, thus "Pennsylvania Dutch country"
“IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We… Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience …”
click EXPAAND for Bradford's account of the cicada outbreak of 1633: "It is to be observed that, the spring before this sickness, there was a numerous company of Flies which were like for bigness unto wasps or Bumble-Bees; they came out of little holes in the ground, and did eat up the green things, and made such a constant yelling noise as made the woods ring of them, and ready to deafen the hearers; they were not any seen or heard by the English in this country before this time; but the Indians told them that sickness would follow, and so it did, very hot, in the months of June, July, and August of that summer."
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Southern colonial economies & demographics[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
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cash crops[edit | edit source]plantation economy[edit | edit source]coastal elites[edit | edit source]
backcountry farmers[edit | edit source]
Bacon's Rebellion[edit | edit source]slavery[edit | edit source]>> to do
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BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
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Colonial slavery[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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subtitle[edit | edit source] |
BIG IDEAS DETAILS
slavery & slave culture
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New England colonial expansion[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events | |
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|
subtitle[edit | edit source] |
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
>> see Taylor on 1/4th of Boston freeman had ownership of a ship |
central colonies[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
subtitle[edit | edit source] |
BIG IDEAS DETAILS
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Colonial wars[edit | edit source]
War Timeline | Colonial name | European name | Consequence | |
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1675-1763 |
"French & Indian Wars" include:
|
BIG IDEAS
| ||
1675–1678 | King Philip's War | n/a - independent of European conflicts or involvement |
| |
1688–1697 | King William's War |
|
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1702–1713 | Queen Anne's War | War of the Spanish Succession |
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1722–1725 | Dumner's War |
n/a - colonial war
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|
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1739 | War of Jenkin's Ear |
n/a - colonial conflict
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1744–1748 | King George's War | War of the Austrian Succession |
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1754–1763 | French-Indian War | Seven Years' War | to be discussed in subsequent timeline & concepts chart |