Participle phrase & infinitive phrase: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:13, 11 June 2024

Sentence

a grammatically complete thought
- grammatically complete = contains a finite verb (subject-verb)
- logically complete = does not need more information to complete the thought

Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements[edit | edit source]

Non-finite verbs & complements[edit | edit source]

"complements" are words or phrases that "complement" or "go along with" a subject or verb
verbs have complements in the forms of
- objects
- adverbs
- prepositional phrases
- dependent or "subordinate" clauses
the idea is the the "verb complement" adds information to the predicate (which is the verb and its complements)

Finite & Non-Finite verbs and complements[edit | edit source]


Participle (non-finite verb)	Participle Complement	Subject	Verb	Complements	Participle (non-finite verb)	Participle Complement
		(The) student	reads	a textbook on his own
		(The) student	reads	a textbook on his own	to learn	more effectively
		(The) student	reads	a textbook on his own	, learning	more effectively
To learn	more effectively	(the) student	reads	a textbook on his own
Reading	a textbook on his own	(the) student	learns	more effectively
		(The) student	learns	on his own	reading	after school
		(The) student	learns	after school	reading	on his own

Examples of participle phrase placement[edit | edit source]

participle = the -ing or -ed forms of a verb
- participles may serve as finite (take a subject) or non-finite (no subject)
- finite forms of participles are
  - -ing present participle = present continuous tense
    - It is snowing'; They are playing
  - -ed past participle = simple past tense
    - It snowed'; They played
- non-finite forms of participles are
  - -ing present participle adjective
    - Snowing all day, the car was buried'; The boys playing around got in trouble
  - -ing "gerund" (present participle noun)
    - Snowing out makes me happy; Playing in the show is fun
  - -ed past participle adjective
    - The snowed in car was stuck'; The team played
participle phrase
- a participle phrase is two or more words that have a non-finite verb (i.e., no subject)
- (note: if a finite verb is present (subject-verb), it is a clause)
  - participle phrases add information to another word or clause
  - ex.>:
    - present participle phrase: Playing hard, they lost anyway
    - past participle phrase: Played poorly, they lost the game

Participle phrase example 1[edit | edit source]

Sentence:

Students read the textbook studying for the test

Grammatical forms:

Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 2[edit | edit source]

Sentence:

Studying for the test, students read the textbook

Grammatical forms:

Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 3[edit | edit source]

Sentence:

Students studying for the test read the textbook

Grammatical forms:

Parts of speech:

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements==
+=== Non-finite verbs & complements ===
+* "complements" are words or phrases that "complement" or "go along with" a subject or verb
+* verbs have complements in the forms of
+** objects
+** adverbs
+** prepositional phrases
+** dependent or "subordinate" clauses
+* the idea is the the "verb complement" adds information to the predicate (which is the verb and its complements)
+==== Finite & Non-Finite verbs and complements ====
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+
+!Participle
+(non-finite verb)
+!Participle
+Complement
+!Subject
+!Verb
+!Complements
+!Participle
+(non-finite verb)
+!Participle
+Complement
+|-
+|
+|
+|(The) student
+|reads
+|a textbook on his own
+|
+|
+|-
+|
+|
+|(The) student
+|reads
+|a textbook on his own
+|to learn
+|more effectively
+|-
+|
+|
+|(The) student
+|reads
+|a textbook on his own
+|, learning
+|more effectively
+|-
+|To learn
+|more effectively
+|(the) student
+|reads
+|a textbook on his own
+|
+|
+|-
+|Reading
+|a textbook on his own
+|(the) student
+|learns
+|more effectively
+|
+|
+|-
+|
+|
+|(The) student
+|learns
+|on his own
+|reading
+|after school
+|-
+|
+|
+|(The) student
+|learns
+|after school
+|reading
+|on his own
+|}
@@ Line 81: / Line 163: @@
    S( noun )-->NFV(participle<br>adjective)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->V(verb)--->C(object)
 }}
-  C-->NFV(Non-Finite Verb)-->C2(Complement)-->S2(Subject)-->V2(Finite Verb)-->C3(Complement)
-{| class="wikitable"
-|+
-!
-!Subject
-!Verb
-!Complements
-!
-|-
-|Sentence
-|Student
-|reads
-|a textbook
-|
-|-
-|Phrase
-|
-|Reading
-|a textbook
-|
-|-
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|}
-Finite verb is a verb that has a subject
-* if the verb has no subject, then it is "non-finite"
-* non-finite verbs act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
-** while they do not have a subject
-*** they may have complements
-**** adverbs
-**** objects
-**** prepositional phrases
 [[Category:Grammar]]
 [[Category:SAT verbal]]
 [[Category:SAT digital test]]