Participle phrase & infinitive phrase

Sentence

• a grammatically complete thought
  • grammatically complete = contains a finite verb (subject-verb)
  • logically complete = does not need more information to complete the thought

Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements

Non-finite verbs & complements

• "complements" are words or phrases that "complement" or "go along with" a subject or verb
• verbs have complements in the forms of
  • objects
  • adverbs
  • prepositional phrases
  • dependent or "subordinate" clauses
• the idea is the the "verb complement" adds information to the predicate (which is the verb and its complements)

Finite & Non-Finite verbs and complements

	Subject	Verb	Complements
Sentence	Student	reads	a textbook
Phrase		Reading	a textbook

Examples of participle phrase placement

• participle = the -ing or -ed forms of a verb
  • participles may serve as finite (take a subject) or non-finite (no subject)
  • finite forms of participles are
    • -ing present participle = present continuous tense
      • It is snowing'; They are playing
    • -ed past participle = simple past tense
      • It snowed'; They played
  • non-finite forms of participles are
    • -ing present participle adjective
      • Snowing all day, the car was buried'; The boys playing around got in trouble
    • -ing "gerund" (present participle noun)
      • Snowing out makes me happy; Playing in the show is fun
    • -ed past participle adjective
      • The snowed in car was stuck'; The team played
• participle phrase
  • a participle phrase is two or more words that have a non-finite verb (i.e., no subject)
  • (note: if a finite verb is present (subject-verb), it is a clause)
    • participle phrases add information to another word or clause
    • ex.>:
      • present participle phrase: Playing hard, they lost anyway
      • past participle phrase: Played poorly, they lost the game

Participle phrase example 1

• Sentence:

Students read the textbook studying for the test

• Grammatical forms:

• Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 2

• Sentence:

Studying for the test, students read the textbook

• Grammatical forms:

• Parts of speech:

Participle phrase example 3

• Sentence:

Students studying for the test read the textbook

• Grammatical forms:

• Parts of speech: