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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
→Verbs and prepositions as adverbs & subordinating conjunctions
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=== Verbs and prepositions as adverbs & subordinating conjunctions === | === Verbs and prepositions as adverbs & subordinating conjunctions === | ||
* | * prepositions and verb types: | ||
** | ** '''transitive verb''' = must be accompanied by an object | ||
*** the preposition will not be the direct object | |||
**** ''I give a bone '''to the dog''''' | |||
** '''intransitive verb''' = does not take an object | |||
*** the preposition will act as an adverb (modifier) of the intransitive verb: | |||
**** He waits '''''for the bus''''' | |||
***** the prepositional phrase doesn't match the subject; instead if modifies the verb "waits" | |||
** '''linking verb''' = does not need an object | |||
*** linking verbs include ''is, become, seem, smell'', etc. | |||
**** they do not take an adverb | |||
***** i.e., "You seem happily" makes no sense | |||
***** instead, "You seem happy" | |||
****** "happy" = '''subject complement adjective''' | |||
**** linking verbs "link" to a noun or adjective | |||
***** "I feel happy" or "He is a doctor" | |||
*** as a modifier the prepositional phrase adds additional information to the '''subject complement noun''' | |||
**** ''I feel happy '''about my test''''' | |||
**** ''He is a doctor '''in Nebraska''''' | |||
* "overlapping" grammatical roles for prepositions | |||
** some words and grammar forms "overlap" or operate in or as multiple grammatical forms | |||
* "intransitive preposition" | * "intransitive preposition" | ||
** = prepositions may or may not define a "noun phrase" (which prepositions would normally accompany) | ** = prepositions may or may not define a "noun phrase" (which prepositions would normally accompany) | ||
** intransitive prepositions do not need a noun or noun phrase | |||
** i.e., they act as '''adverb modifiers''' or '''subject complements''' | |||
* most dictionaries qualify intransitive prepositions as adverbs, such as "abroad," "now," "until" | * most dictionaries qualify intransitive prepositions as adverbs, such as "abroad," "now," "until" | ||
** ex. of intransitive preposition: "They went ahead" or "The dog is outside" | ** ex. of intransitive preposition: "They went ahead" or "The dog is outside" | ||
** with a noun these would be more clearly prepositions: | |||
*** "They went ahead of the others" or "The dog is outside the fence" | |||
* overlap of prepositions and subordinating conjunctions | * overlap of prepositions and subordinating conjunctions | ||
* = a "conjunctive preposition" | * = a "conjunctive preposition" | ||
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** ex.: "He played like a pro" | ** ex.: "He played like a pro" | ||
** vs.: "He played like he was a pro" | ** vs.: "He played like he was a pro" | ||
=== prepositional phrase === | === prepositional phrase === | ||
* = a phrase created by a preposition + its object | * = a phrase created by a preposition + its object | ||