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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
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*** verb forms that act like an adjective | *** verb forms that act like an adjective | ||
*** "past participle" | *** "past participle" | ||
**** | **** verbs in the past tense used as an adjective | ||
**** where the simple past tense of a verb is used to show a condition of something | **** where the simple past tense of a verb is used to show a condition of something | ||
*** examples: | **** typically are -ed -en and -t forms | ||
**** includes irregular verbs in the past tense, such as "to be" "to go" etc. | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past participles as adjectives examples: | |||
** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" describe the water) | |||
** "The glass was broken when I found it" ("was broken" describes the glass) | |||
** "The cut flowers are pretty" ("cut - | |||
</div> | |||
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of past participles''' | |||
*** "present participle" | *** "present participle" | ||
**** uses the -ing form | **** uses the -ing form of a verb as an adjective | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> present participles as adjectives examples: | |||
** "The boiling water is hot" (describes the water) | |||
** "This trip is exciting" (modifies or describes the trip) | |||
** "The directions are confusing" (modifies the directions) | |||
</div> | |||
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of present particples''' | |||
** gerunds | ** gerunds | ||
*** verbs that act as nouns | *** verbs that act as nouns | ||
*** use the -ing form | *** use the -ing form of the verb | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> gerund (participles as nouns) examples: | |||
** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming | |||
**** "Boiling water sanitizes it" ("boiling" is an act, therefore a noun, from the verb "to boil") | ** "Swimming is fun" | ||
*** gerunds are often interchangeable with infinitives | ** "Boiling water sanitizes it" ("boiling" is an act, therefore a noun, from the verb "to boil") | ||
**** "I hate doing math" versus "I hate to do math" | </div> | ||
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of gerunds''' | |||
*** Note: | |||
**** gerunds are often interchangeable with infinitives | |||
***** "I hate doing math" versus "I hate to do math" | |||
**** however, note that gerunds and infinitives may act differently in terms of the object of the sentence | **** however, note that gerunds and infinitives may act differently in terms of the object of the sentence | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> how gerunds and infinitives change the meaning of a sentence: | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
''"Burland advocated using soil extraction:"'' | ''"Burland advocated using soil extraction:"'' | ||
* A) NO CHANGE | * A) NO CHANGE | ||
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* A) NO CHANGE is correct because it is the object of the sentence, "soil extraction," that Burland advocates, not the action of its use (to use") | * A) NO CHANGE is correct because it is the object of the sentence, "soil extraction," that Burland advocates, not the action of its use (to use") | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
* Click EXPAND to see an example from Practice Test 6, Writing Q21 | * '''Click EXPAND to see an example from College Board Practice Test 6, Writing Q21''' | ||
* See | * See | ||
** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/verbforms Grammar: Verb Forms: "-ing," Infinitives, and Past Participles (Walden Univ)] | ** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/verbforms Grammar: Verb Forms: "-ing," Infinitives, and Past Participles (Walden Univ)] | ||