US Constitution study guide: Difference between revisions

US Constitution study guide (view source)

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 * veto rules & process}} (legislation process & veto)===
-All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
+'''{{#tip-text: All Bills for raising Revenue|Bills regarding taxes must "originate" in the House
+* = sole power of the House.
+* the idea is that since taxes are to be apportioned by population, the House should be responsible for any possible laws for "raising revenue" -- or taxes.
+* for any tax to pass, as with any law, however, the Senate and the President must also agree
+* = separation of powers and checks and balances
+* the Senate may propose amendments}}''' shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
-Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
+Every '''{{#tip-text:Bill|= a proposed law
+* bills can be introduced in either house of Congress
+* except for bills regarding raising revenue (taxes), which must originate in the House of Representatives}}''' which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it '''{{#tip-text: become a Law|From a bill to a law:
+* for a bill to become law it must be passed by both the House and the Senate
+* and then receive the signature of the President.
+* = part of the idea of checks and balances, divided government, and separation of powers
+* these requirements makes it very difficult for laws to be passed; indeed, most laws are not passed}}''', be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, '''{{#tip-text: but if not he shall return it|Veto
+* = power of the President to object to a law passed by Congress
+* Congress has the power to "override" the President's veto by voting for the law again
+* but with a super-majority of 2/3ds of both houses of Congress
+* = an important part of the Constitution's system of checks and balances, divided government, and separation of powers}}''', with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration '''{{#tip-text: two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House|Congress may "override" a presidential veto
+* by voting for the law again, but with a super-majority of 2/3ds of both houses of Congress]]''', it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall '''{{#tip-text: not be returned by the President within ten Days|
+If the President does not sign a bill, it becomes a law after ten days
+* so long as Congress is still in session}}''' (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, '''{{#tip-text: unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law| Pocket veto:
+* if Congress adjourns (closes) before the ten day period required for the President to sign a bill
+* it does not become a law
+* this is known as a "pocket veto" because the President doesn't have to formally reject the law for it to not become a law
+* the pocket-veto is less common in the modern period when Congress is more often in session than not
+* however, it becomes a powerful weapon for the President upon the end of a Congressional session, which forces adjournment of Congress and during which there is usually much last-minute law-making activity}}'''.
 Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.