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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
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*** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)] | *** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)] | ||
== verbs == | == verbs == | ||
* express action | * express action | ||
* verb phrases | * verb phrases | ||
* verb forms | * verb forms | ||
** infinitive | |||
** conjugations | === infinitives === | ||
** | * infinitives use "to" | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ** ex. "I go to see the game" | ||
*** verb forms that act like an adjective | * root forms act like infinitives but without the "to" | ||
*** " | ** infinitive and base forms are generally interchangeable: | ||
**** verbs in the past tense used as an adjective | ** ex. "He helped her clean her desk" (root form) | ||
** v. "He helped her to clean her desk" (infinitive form) | |||
* note that "root" and "base" forms are used interchangeably | |||
** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb | |||
=== simple present === | |||
* denotes an action happening at the moment. | |||
* also considered a "base" form of a verb | |||
=== present progressive === | |||
* = -ing form for a verb to express an ongoing action | |||
** used with "to be" conjugations ("am" "is", etc.) the -ing verb form denotes an ongoing action | |||
** ex. "She is dancing" | |||
** see participle for the -ing form of a verb that acts as an adjective or a noun (called a gerund) | |||
* note that present progressive verb forms are frequently used to combine sentences or independent clauses | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | |||
** ex. "I went to see the sequel, and I hoped it would be as good as the first | |||
** the two independent clauses (complete sentences) can be combined by converting the "I hoped" to the present progressive form, "hoping" | |||
** "I went to see the sequel, hoping it would as good as the first" | |||
** note that "hoping" renders the second clause dependent (not a complete sentence or thought), thus employing only a comma and not a comma + conjunction | |||
** present progressive verbs subordinate clauses: | |||
*** "Hoping it would be as good as the first" is not a complete sentence or thought | |||
**** thus it is a dependent or subordinate clause | |||
</div> | |||
* '''click EXPAND to see examples of present progressive verbs used to combine independent clauses | |||
* see also: | |||
** [[https://www.thoughtco.com/present-participles-vs-present-progressives-1689701 present participles vs present progressives (thoughtco.com]] | |||
=== transitive and intransitive verbs === | |||
* transitive verbs act upon a direct object | |||
** ex. "The soccer player kicked the ball" | |||
* intransitive verbs do not have a direct object | |||
** ex. "The soccer player played hard" | |||
=== past simple === | |||
=== participles and gerunds === | |||
* verb forms that act like an adjective or a noun | |||
* types: | |||
** present participle: | |||
*** verb form using -ing that acts as an adjective | |||
** past participle: | |||
*** past tense verb form that acts as an adjective | |||
** gerund | |||
*** verb form using -ing that acts as a noun | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | |||
* '''present participle''' | |||
** uses the -ing form of a verb as an adjective | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> present participles as adjectives examples: | |||
** "The boiling water is hot" (describes the water) | |||
** "This trip is exciting" (modifies or describes the trip) | |||
** "The directions are confusing" (modifies the directions) | |||
</div> | |||
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of present participles''' | |||
* '''past participle''' | |||
** verbs in the past tense used as an adjective | |||
** where the simple past tense of a verb is used to show a condition of something | |||
** typically are -ed -en and -t forms | |||
** includes irregular verbs in the past tense, such as "to be" "to go" etc. | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past participles as adjectives examples: | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past participles as adjectives examples: | ||
** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" describe the water) | ** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" describe the water) | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of past participles''' | '''Click EXPAND to see examples of past participles''' | ||
* | * '''gerunds''' | ||
** verbs that act as nouns | |||
** use the -ing form of the verb | |||
''' | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> gerund (participles as nouns) examples: | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> gerund (participles as nouns) examples: | ||
** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming | ** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming | ||
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**** "heh!" | **** "heh!" | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
* click EXPAND to see examples of | * click EXPAND to see full definitions and examples of participles and gerunds | ||
== Categories == | == Categories == | ||
* [[Grammar]] | * [[Grammar]] | ||
* [[Word Parts of Speech & Grammar Rules]] | * [[Word Parts of Speech & Grammar Rules]] | ||