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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
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==== modal verbs ==== | ==== modal verbs ==== | ||
>> Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog | >> Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog | ||
== particle == | |||
* a word that does not fit a specific Part of Speech | * a word that does not fit a specific Part of Speech | ||
* and that does not change with inflection (word endings for case, gender, number) | |||
* sometimes called a "function word" | |||
** because it doesn't have a specific meaning unto itself | |||
=== adverbial particles === | |||
* typically, particles are prepositions that do not accompany a noun | * typically, particles are prepositions that do not accompany a noun | ||
** instead, they follow a verb to indicate a direction, topic, or other prepositional purpose for the verb | ** instead, they follow a verb to indicate a direction, topic, or other prepositional purpose for the verb | ||
** particles: '' | ** particles: ''away, down, in, off, up'', etc. as in: | ||
*** wake up, knock out, look up, sit down'' | *** "get away, wake up, knock out, look up, sit down'' | ||
*** these examples are, together, ''phrasal verbs'' | *** these examples are, together, ''phrasal verbs'' | ||
** particle + preposition | ** particle + preposition | ||
*** particles frequently are followed by a prepositional phrase, in which the particle (a preposition) is next to a preposition | *** particles frequently are followed by a prepositional phrase, in which the particle (a preposition) is next to a preposition | ||
**** ''keep up with the pack, put up with her stubbornness, look forward to leaving'' | **** ''keep up with the pack, put up with her stubbornness, look forward to leaving'' | ||
* see | |||
** https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/particle-grammar/ | |||
=== discourse particle === | |||
* a word that acts as a verbal marker that doesn't have specific meaning | |||
** tends to be informal, or oral and not written | |||
** ''Now, my friend, let us talk'' | |||
** ''Well, now, what are we to do about this?'' | |||
=== infinitive particle === | |||
* "to" is a preposition as well as an "infinitive marker" | |||
* i.e., it creates the infinitive form of a verb, ''to be, to love, to talk'' | |||
** it's more common to simply describe this combination of particle + verb as an "infinitive" | |||
=== negative particle === | |||
* not = indicates the opposite or negation | |||
** "I will '''not''' get up today" | |||
*** note that both "no" and "up" are particles | |||