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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
→Preposition
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''about, above, according to, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead of, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out of, outside, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without'' | ''about, above, according to, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead of, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out of, outside, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without'' | ||
* compound prepositions: | |||
** ''ahead of, apart from, by means of, due to, from above (etc.) , in excess of, in front of, in regard to, prior to, similar to, with reference to, etc.'' | |||
* categories of prepositions: | * categories of prepositions: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|relationship | |relationship or purpose | ||
| | | | ||
|for, in relation to, like, regarding, with, without | |||
|for learning, without laughing | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ownership | |ownership | ||
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|by, of, | |by, of, | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
|focus of attention | |||
| | |||
|regarding, to, | |||
|He apologized to her | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
* prepositions and verbs | |||
** transitive verbs | |||
*** take a direct object, which is a noun | |||
*** therefore, a preposition can only be an indirect object or adverb modifier (modifies a verb) | |||
**** ex. ''I gave the bone '''to the dog''''' | |||
**** such indirect objects are also expressed as, ''I gave the dog a bone'' | |||
** intransitive verbs | |||
*** do not take an object | |||
*** the prepositional phrase acts as complement , usually to the verb | |||
**** ''He waits '''for the bus''', She waits '''on slow service''''' | |||
***** to "wait" | |||
**** ''Andrew apologized '''to Jane''''' | |||
**** note here how the preposition creates meaning | |||
***** we say something entirely different with ''Andrew apologized '''for''' Jane'' | |||
** linking verbs | |||
*** to be, become, look like | |||
*** do not take adverbs | |||
**** ''He is a doctor'' > "is" cannot be modified | |||
*** instead, linking verbs take "subject complement" nouns and adjectives | |||
**** ''He is a doctor'' | |||
***** "doctor" = "subject complement" noun | |||
**** ''That thing is ugly'' | |||
***** ugly = subject complement adjective | |||
*** linking verbs can also take prepositional phrases | |||
**** ''He looks like a doctor'' | |||
***** "like" = preposition | |||
***** prepositional phrases are not subject complements | |||
****** they are adverb modifiers, i.e., here, "''like a doctor''" modifies the verb "''looks'' | |||
* See | * See | ||
** [[ | ** [<nowiki/>[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|Preposition and postposition (wiki)]]] | ||
** [[https://www.englishgrammar101.com/module-7/prepositions/lesson-1/prepositions-and-prepositional-phrases Prepositions and Prepositional phrases (englishgrammar101.com)]] | ** [[https://www.englishgrammar101.com/module-7/prepositions/lesson-1/prepositions-and-prepositional-phrases Prepositions and Prepositional phrases (englishgrammar101.com)]] | ||
** | ** | ||