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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
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== | == Adjective == | ||
=== modify nouns === | === modify nouns === | ||
* nouns = things | * nouns = things | ||
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***** *note that "compound words" can be either "open", as in "boy scout" or full moon" or closed, as in "bullfrog" or "mailbox" or hyphenated, as in "long-term" or "on-campus" | ***** *note that "compound words" can be either "open", as in "boy scout" or full moon" or closed, as in "bullfrog" or "mailbox" or hyphenated, as in "long-term" or "on-campus" | ||
== | == Adverb == | ||
=== modify verbs === | === modify verbs === | ||
* adverbs provide additional information about an action (verbs), including: | * adverbs provide additional information about an action (verbs), including: | ||
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** this source argumes that "yesterday, today" etc. are nouns: [https://parentingpatch.com/are-yesterday-today-and-tomorrow-nouns-or-adverbs/ Are ‘Yesterday,’ ‘Today’, and ‘Tomorrow’ Nouns or Adverbs? (parentingpatch.com] | ** this source argumes that "yesterday, today" etc. are nouns: [https://parentingpatch.com/are-yesterday-today-and-tomorrow-nouns-or-adverbs/ Are ‘Yesterday,’ ‘Today’, and ‘Tomorrow’ Nouns or Adverbs? (parentingpatch.com] | ||
== | == Article == | ||
* indicates a specific or general reference to a noun | * indicates a specific or general reference to a noun | ||
** articles are sometimes listed under the category of "determiner" | ** articles are sometimes listed under the category of "determiner" | ||
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** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/articles/ What Are Articles?] | ** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/articles/ What Are Articles?] | ||
== | == Conjunction == | ||
== | == Determiner == | ||
* introduces a noun or indicates an amount, specificity, or generality of a noun | * introduces a noun or indicates an amount, specificity, or generality of a noun | ||
** determiners are traditionally considered adjectives, as they modify nouns | ** determiners are traditionally considered adjectives, as they modify nouns | ||
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** note that these possessive indicators are actually pronouns, but they are considered "determiners" in that they are used to specify ownership of something\ | ** note that these possessive indicators are actually pronouns, but they are considered "determiners" in that they are used to specify ownership of something\ | ||
== | == Interjection == | ||
* aside remarks or interruptions | * aside remarks or interruptions | ||
* an exclamation | * an exclamation | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
== | == Noun == | ||
* persons, places, things | * persons, places, things | ||
* proper nouns | * proper nouns | ||
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*** ""The man, his son and his daughter looked around the isles, compared prices, and bought new shoes, shirts and hats." | *** ""The man, his son and his daughter looked around the isles, compared prices, and bought new shoes, shirts and hats." | ||
=== | === consecutive nouns === | ||
* nouns can be next to one another in a sentence | * nouns can be next to one another in a sentence | ||
* if so, they may represent either: | * if so, they may represent either: | ||
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** possessive nouns (one noun possesses another: "the dog's bone" or "his book") | ** possessive nouns (one noun possesses another: "the dog's bone" or "his book") | ||
==== | ==== consecutive nouns as direct and indirect objects ==== | ||
{{Consecutive nouns as multiple objects}} | {{Consecutive nouns as multiple objects}} | ||
==== | ==== consecutive noun as modifier (appositive) ==== | ||
{{Noun as modifier}} | {{Noun as modifier}} | ||
=== | === possessive nouns === | ||
* nouns may possess (or own) one another | * nouns may possess (or own) one another | ||
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** other pronoun contractions don't use | ** other pronoun contractions don't use | ||
=== | === plurality, count distinction & generality === | ||
* plurality = noun shifts from singuar to plural, usually marked by the suffix "-s" | * plurality = noun shifts from singuar to plural, usually marked by the suffix "-s" | ||
** i.e., ''a dog, two dogs'' | ** i.e., ''a dog, two dogs'' | ||
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**** as in "much water" << one cannot count "water", although "much" indicates a large amount of water | **** as in "much water" << one cannot count "water", although "much" indicates a large amount of water | ||
== | == Preposition == | ||
* express relationship in time, place, or sequence | * express relationship in time, place, or sequence | ||
* add information to a sentence | * add information to a sentence | ||
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** [[https://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/46995-the-nominal-functions-of-prepositions-and-prepositional-phrases/ How to Use Prepositions as Subjects, Subject Complements, and Direct Objects (brighthub.com)]] | ** [[https://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/46995-the-nominal-functions-of-prepositions-and-prepositional-phrases/ How to Use Prepositions as Subjects, Subject Complements, and Direct Objects (brighthub.com)]] | ||
== | == Pronoun == | ||
* "pro" = for; "noun" | * "pro" = for; "noun" | ||
* refer to a noun in oder to avoid repetition | * refer to a noun in oder to avoid repetition | ||
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** see [https://www.dummies.com/education/language-arts/grammar/how-to-pick-pronouns-for-comparisons/ How to Pick Pronouns for Comparisons (Dummies)] | ** see [https://www.dummies.com/education/language-arts/grammar/how-to-pick-pronouns-for-comparisons/ How to Pick Pronouns for Comparisons (Dummies)] | ||
==== "She is better at it than me" | ==== prepositions in comparisons ==== | ||
* "She is better at it than me" vs "She is better at it than I"? | |||
* both work | ** both work: | ||
** "than I' = "She is better than I am" << = "than" is a conjunction | *** "than I' = "She is better than I am" << = "than" is a conjunction | ||
** "than me" = She is better at it than me" < = "than" is a preposition | *** "than me" = She is better at it than me" < = "than" is a preposition | ||
* see [[List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules|List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules - School4Schools.com Teacher Lesson Planner & Student Study Guide]] | * see [[List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules|List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules - School4Schools.com Teacher Lesson Planner & Student Study Guide]] | ||
== | == Verb == | ||
* express action or a state of being (a condition) | * express action or a state of being (a condition) | ||
* verb forms: | * verb forms: | ||
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*** predicate = "the portion of a sentence which makes a claim about the subject" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar) Predicate (grammar) (wikipedia)] | *** predicate = "the portion of a sentence which makes a claim about the subject" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar) Predicate (grammar) (wikipedia)] | ||
=== | === verb "moods" === | ||
* "grammatical moods" = a feature of verbs whereby the speaker "inflects" or expresses an idea by modifying tone and emphasis for a specific meaning | * "grammatical moods" = a feature of verbs whereby the speaker "inflects" or expresses an idea by modifying tone and emphasis for a specific meaning | ||
* there are four general grammatical moods for verbs: | * there are four general grammatical moods for verbs: | ||