Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

*** see participle for the -ing form of a verb that acts as an adjective or a noun (called a gerund)

** note that present progressive verb forms are frequently used to combine sentences or independent clauses

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

* ex. "I went to see the sequel, and I hoped it would be as good as the first

*** thus it is a dependent or subordinate clause

</div>

* see also:

** [[https://www.thoughtco.com/present-participles-vs-present-progressives-1689701 present participles vs present progressives (thoughtco.com]]

*** "I ate before they showed up"

*** "I played soccer yesterday"

</div>

* '''past progressive'''  

** actions that were ongoing at some point in the past or that were repeated in the past

** uses the -ing form of a verb

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past progressive examples:

*** "I was eating when they showed up"

*** "I was playing soccer all last year"

* '''past perfect'''

* an action that happened before something else happened (both in the past)

* uses "had" to show the earlier event

** and compares it to another even with "before", "because" or "by the time", etc.  

** "I had already eaten when they showed up"

** "I had played soccer long before I learned rugby"

=== future tense forms ===

* '''future simple'''

** an action that will take place in the future, usually with "will"  

*** "I will eat after they show up"

*** I will play soccer tomorrow"

** future simple also indicates a promise to do something in the future

*** "I will play harder next time"

* '''future progressive'''

** an action that will be ongoing in the future, usually with "will" and "-ing"  

*** "I will be eating with them when they show up"

*** "I will be playing soccer again after my ankle heals"

* '''future perfect'''

** an action that will happen before something else, usually with "will have"

** future perfect combines the future "will" with a past tense verb form

** future perfect also indicates an ongoing future state or condition  

=== participles and gerunds ===

** gerund

*** verb form using -ing that acts as a noun

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">  

* '''present participle'''

** uses the -ing form of a verb as an adjective

** "The boiling water is hot" (describes the water)

** "This trip is exciting" (modifies or describes the trip)

** "The directions are confusing" (modifies the directions)

</div>

* '''past participle'''

** verbs in the past tense used as an adjective

** typically are -ed -en and -t forms

** includes irregular verbs in the past tense, such as "to be" "to go" etc.  

** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" describe the water)

** "The glass was broken when I found it" ("was broken" describes the glass)

** "The cut flowers are pretty" ("cut -

</div>

* '''gerunds'''

** verbs that act as nouns

** use the -ing form of the verb

** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming

** "Swimming is fun"

** "Boiling water sanitizes it" ("boiling" is an act, therefore a noun, from the verb "to boil")

</div>

**** however, note that gerunds and infinitives may act differently in terms of the object of the sentence

''"Burland advocated using soil extraction:"''

* A) NO CHANGE

* A) NO CHANGE is correct because it is the object of the sentence, "soil extraction," that Burland advocates, not the action of its use (to use")

</div>  

* See

** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/verbforms Grammar: Verb Forms: "-ing," Infinitives, and Past Participles (Walden Univ)]

** [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participles.htm Grammar-Monster.com participles]

</div>

== conjugations ==

* see

** [https://www.verbto.com/ Verb conjugations]

== adverbs ==

== adjectives ==

== articles ==

** the

** refers to a specific noun, usually already stated or defined

* a or an

** refers to a general noun, usually not already stated or defined

*** ex. "water" cannot be counted, so "a water" is incorrect

**** "may I have a water" should be instead "may I have some water"

*** ex.

**** "They went on vacation" as opposed to "they went on a vacation "

* see

** [https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/grammar/using_articles.html Purdue OWN Using Articles}

== prepositions ==

* express relationship in time, place, or sequence

== interjections ==

== Categories ==