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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
→participles and gerunds
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**** other incorrect examples: | **** other incorrect examples: | ||
***** "She told about her trip." v. "She told us about her trip." | ***** "She told about her trip." v. "She told us about her trip." | ||
***** "His dad bought | ***** "His dad bought" = incomplete thought bc "bought" requires an object: | ||
****** "His dad bought a boat" | |||
** | |||
** | |||
** | |||
=== present tense forms === | === present tense forms === | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
=== | === non-finite verb: participle, gerund & infinitive === | ||
* non-finite verbs | |||
** = verbs that do not have a subject | |||
** and thus do not act as an action or "finite" verb (that has a subject) | |||
** = verbs that act as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns | |||
** non-finite verbs are also called "verbals" | |||
* verb forms that act like an adjective, adverb or noun | * verb forms that act like an adjective, adverb or noun | ||
* types: | * types: | ||
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* present participles may themselves be modified by an adverb | * present participles may themselves be modified by an adverb | ||
** ex.: ** or "She went about her work smiling enormously" | ** ex.: ** or "She went about her work smiling enormously" | ||
==== | ==== gerund ==== | ||
*= verbs that act as nouns | *= verbs that act as nouns | ||
* use the -ing form of the verb | * use the -ing form of the verb | ||
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** [https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/ing-forms/ The -ing forms (ef.edu Resources for Learning English] | ** [https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/ing-forms/ The -ing forms (ef.edu Resources for Learning English] | ||
** [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participles.htm Grammar-Monster.com participles] | ** [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participles.htm Grammar-Monster.com participles] | ||
==== infinitive ==== | |||
* = a non-finite verbs | |||
* infinitives use the particle "to" | |||
** ex. "I go ''to see'' the game" | |||
* "infinitive" comes from Latin for "indefinite" or "unrestricted" | |||
** bc in Latin restrictive verbs must match noun case or plurality | |||
*** i.e., they have a subject (and match to it) | |||
** so the infinitive is "indefinite" or "unrestricted" | |||
*** since it not attached to another noun (subject) | |||
*** and thus it does not match case or plurality | |||
* root forms or "bare infinitives" act like infinitives but without the "to" | |||
** infinitive and base forms are generally interchangeable: | |||
** ex. "He helped her clean her desk" (root form) | |||
** v. "He helped her to clean her desk" (infinitive form) | |||
** note that "root" and "base" forms are used interchangeably | |||
*** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb | |||
** see: | |||
*** [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/bare+infinitive Bare Infinitive (fredictionary.com)] | |||
*** [https://englishlessonsbrighton.co.uk/bare-infinitive/ What is a bare infinitive? (englishlessonsbrighton.com)] | |||
* infinitives act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns | |||
** as adjective | |||
*** ''The place to go is the theatre'' | |||
**** "to go" is an adjective that describes "place" | |||
** as adverb | |||
*** I get to go there tomorrow | |||
**** "to go" is an adverb that modifies the verb "get" | |||
** as noun | |||
*** ''I learned how to build it'' | |||
**** "to build" is the noun object of the verb "learned" | |||
=== subjunctive mood === | === subjunctive mood === | ||