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| rowspan="2" |participial phrase | | rowspan="2" |participial phrase | ||
(or participle) | |||
| rowspan="2" |modifying phrase introduced by a verb acting as an adjective (participle) | | rowspan="2" |modifying phrase introduced by a verb acting as an adjective (participle) | ||
|participial phrases | |participial phrases | ||
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|dash: identify if the dash is acting as a colon or parentheses | |dash: identify if the dash is acting as a colon or parentheses | ||
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|appositive phrase | |||
|a form of parenthetical phrase that provides additional information | |||
|sets aside important information | |||
may also conclude a sentence, thereby not technically parenthetical, ex.: | |||
* The author, ''an ornithologist'', studies birds" | |||
* "The author specializes in ornithology, ''the study of birds"'' | |||
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