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Domestication of plants and animals: Difference between revisions

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* break into separate articles for plants and animals
* break into separate articles for plants and animals


== domestication etymology ==
== Domestication etymology ==


* "domestication"
* "domestication"
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** or having been brought into a home or household
** or having been brought into a home or household


== domestication origins timeline ==
== Domestication origins timeline ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Domestication of Plants and Animals
!20,000 BC
!10,000 BC
!5,000 BC
!2,000 BC
!1 AD
!500 AD
!1,000 AD
!1500 AD
|-
|'''dogs,''' domestication dates uncertain, but between 25,000 and 12,000 BC
|'''cattle, goats, pigs, sheep''' domesticated in the Fertile Cresent (Mideast)
|'''pigs''' domesticated in Southeast Asia approx. 6,000 BC
|'''chickens''' domesticated in East Asia approx. 2,000 BC
|'''turkey''' domesticated in North America approx. 200-500 AD
|'''camels''' used in trans-Saharan trade by 600'/700s AD
|
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|-
|
|'''cattle'''
domesticated in South Asia (in modern Pakistan) approx. 8,000 BC
|'''horses'''first domesticated for milk approx. 4,000 BC
|'''donkey''' domesticated in East Africa approx. 3,000-4,000 BC (were used Egypt by 2600-2800 BC and in the Middle East by 1800 BC)
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|-
|
|
|'''cats''' may have been domesticated in Egypt approx. 3,000 BC
|'''turkey''' domesticated in Mesoamerica approx. 1,000 BC
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|-
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|donkeys
|'''camels''' domesticated in Central Asia approx. 2500 BC (and in Middle East approx. 900 BC)
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|}


== Domestication of animals ==


domestication of animals
* domestication of animals is distinct (different) from <u>'''taming'''</u>
** taming = conditioning or changing the behavior of a wild animal to accept human presence
** taming does not involve genetic modification via breeding
* an animal is "domesticated" when traits are "selected for" by humans through breeding


domestication of plants
=== domesticated animal traits ===
 
* imprinting
 
=== Camel ===
 
* originated in North America 40-50 million years ago, and spread to Asia
* wild camels were killed off in the Americas by humans during early arrival periods to North America (Native Americans)
* domesticated in central Asia approx. 2,500 BC
* were in use in Middle East by 900 BC
* introduced to Africa approx. 300 AD
* Camels were used extensively for trans-Saharan trade by 600-700s AD
** and were essential for spread of Islam
 
=== Dog ===
 
=== Horse ===
 
* particularly useful in the Central Eurasian "Steppes"
** high, flat, grassy lands
* wild horses have unique ability to break through snow and ice in order to find grasses to eat
** due to the unique bend of horse front legs, horses can "kick"
* horse milk was a primary source for Vitamin C for steppe nomads
 
=== Llama ===
 
* domesticated in Western South America
* thought to have been an essential element in spread of agriculture in western South America for its dung which was used as fertilizer
* used extensively by the Inca for food, milk, fiber (fur) and transport
 
== Domestication of plants ==