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** From Discourses on Livy, CHAPTER XVI | ** From Discourses on Livy, CHAPTER XVI | ||
*** select expand to see quotation | *** select expand to see quotation | ||
=== Human agency & leadership === | |||
* an element of contingency, choice, represents "human agency" | |||
** "agent" = a causal element, i.e., that makes things happen | |||
** thus "human agency" = the choice and actions of people in historical events and outcomes | |||
* while organizations, conditions, structures, geography, etc. largely shape historical conditions and outcomes | |||
** human agency, or choice and actions, is how history happens | |||
* thus "leadership" is as important as structures | |||
** however, human agency is limited by available choice | |||
*** i.e., leaders of an inland country, say Mongolia, will not likely choose or be able to create a maritime empire | |||
**** instead, effective leadership did organize Mongolia into a land-based empire using existing structural elements of Mongolian geography, economy, and culture | |||
* see [[Leadership]] entry | |||
== Economics == | == Economics == |