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Clause (grammar): Difference between revisions
fixing table: smaller text, check and x marks
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* note: Santa is not a clause | * note: Santa is not a clause | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.8em; width:80%; margin-left:20px;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
!Description | !Description | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
|Sentence | |Sentence | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ✘ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|a grammatically complete thought that is part of a larger sentence that contains another clause | |a grammatically complete thought that is part of a larger sentence that contains another clause | ||
|independent clause | |independent clause | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|the main clause of a sentence is | |the main clause of a sentence is | ||
|independent clause | |independent clause | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|two independent clauses combined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) | |two independent clauses combined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) | ||
|coordinate clauses (both independent) | |coordinate clauses (both independent) | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|a part of a sentence that contains a subject & a verb but is not a complete | |a part of a sentence that contains a subject & a verb but is not a complete thought | ||
thought | |||
|dependent clause | |dependent clause | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|a part of a sentence that contains two or more words but does not have | |a part of a sentence that contains two or more words but does not have both a subject & verb (not a [[Vocabulary:Finite verb|finite verb]]) | ||
both a subject & verb (not a [[Vocabulary:Finite verb|finite verb]]) | |||
|phrase | |phrase | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ✘ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rides a sleigh driven by reindeer through the air to deliver Christmas presents | |Rides a sleigh driven by reindeer through the air to deliver Christmas presents | ||
|proper noun | |proper noun | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ✘ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | * the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | ||
* relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun (see table) | * relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun (see table) | ||
* relative clauses can be either restrictive or non-restrictive, per below | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | ||
|+ relative pronouns | |+ relative pronouns | ||
! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ||
|- | |||
| that || people or things || <small>- subject or object: adds required information (restrictive, so no punctuation)</small> | |||
<small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | |||
|- | |||
|what | |||
|things | |||
| <small>- object (acted upon)</small> | |||
|- | |||
| which || things || <small>- subject or object: adds additional information (can be restrictive or non-restrictive)</small> | |||
<small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| who || people || subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' | | who || people || <small>subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' (restrictive, so no punctuation)</small> | ||
<small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |whoever | ||
|people | |||
| <small>- subject or object of the relative clause</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | whom || people || <small>- object (acted upon): ''him, her, us, them''</small> | ||
<small>- creates but is not the subject of the relative clause</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | whose || people or things || <small>possessive form of whom: ''his, her, us, their''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" | * Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ | | colspan="3" | <small>* Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
** ex. | ** ex. | ||
*** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | *** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | ||
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** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ||
** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ||
=== restrictive relative clause === | === restrictive relative clause === | ||
* goes by various names: necessary, requisite or defining clause | * goes by various names: adjective, necessary, requisite or defining clause | ||
** | ** "adjective clause" since it describes a previously stated (antecedent) noun or idea | ||
* "necessary" or "requisite" = the idea is the clause or phrase is necessary | ** "necessary" or "requisite" = the idea is the clause or phrase is necessary | ||
* "defining" = the meaning of the sentence is defined by the clause | ** "defining" = the meaning of the sentence is defined by the clause | ||
** or: the sentence is not a complete thought without the clause | *** or: the sentence is not a complete thought without the clause | ||
* restrictive clauses are not separated by punctuation | * restrictive clauses are not separated by punctuation | ||
** i.e.: since the information is necessary, there is no pause | ** i.e.: since the information is necessary, there is no pause | ||